东北地区水田分布格局的时空变化分析

东北地区是我国重要的商品粮基地,水稻尤其是粳稻主产区。本文基于东北地区2000-2015年水田空间数据,结合河流数据,采用GIS空间模型和数理统计方法,分析水田分布格局的时空变化,旨在为耕地资源利用与农业现代化研究提供依据。结果表明:1)东北地区水田主要集中分布于东北三大平原的沈阳-长春-哈尔滨一线以及主要河流沿岸区域。2000-2015年东北地区水田由419.15万hm2增加至603.49万hm~2,增加了184.34万hm~2,年均递增2.93%。2)辽宁、吉林和黑龙江省水田年均变化率分别为-1.06%、0.11%和6.04%,水田相对变化率分别为0.36、0.04、2.06,黑龙江省水田变化幅度高于东北地区平均水平。近15 a东北地区水田重心由长春市向北偏东移动至哈尔滨市,移动距离为159.92 km,移动速度为10.66 km/a。3)东北地区水田变化面积随着与主要河流距离增加而减少,但水田变化优势区在距主要河流35-45 km处。而各省域水田变化河流分异特征也具有一定的差异。

Spatial-temporal patterns of paddy field change in Northeast China

Northeast China is an important grain base for China, especially for rice varieties, like japonica rice. Based on the spatial data of paddy field from 2000 to 2015 and the data of main rivers in Northeast China and applying the GIS spatial model and mathematical statistics method, this paper analyzed the spatial-temporal patterns of paddy field change in Northeast China to provide some basic support for the utilization and management of cultivated land resources and research of agricultural modernization. Main results show that: 1) paddy field of Northeast China are mainly located in the three northeastern plains, including Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin and regions along the rivers. The paddy field in Northeast China increased from 4.1915 million hm2 in 2000 to 6.0349 million hm2 in 2015, increased by 1.8434 million hm2 with an average annual growth rate of 2.93%; 2) the average annual change rates of paddy field in Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang were -1.06%, 0.11% and 6.04%, respectively and the relative change degree of paddy field in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang were 0.36, 0.04 and 2.06, respectively. The variation range of paddy field in Heilongjiang Province is higher than that in Northeast China. In recent 15 years, the gravity center of paddy field in Northeast China moved from Changchun City to Harbin City, with a moving distance of 159.92 km and an average moving speed of 10.66 km; and 3) the area change of paddy field decreased with the increasing distance to rivers and the advantage paddy field is located at about 35 to 45 km from the rivers. In addition, differences of paddy field changes exist because of different characteristics of rivers and regions.