广东省稻田杂草控制效果及影响因素

为了解常规管理条件下对广东稻田杂草的控制效果及其影响因素,于2015年对粤东、粤西、粤北地区及珠江三角洲的早、晚季稻田杂草进行了调查分析。结果表明:在常规控制措施下稻田中综合草害指数与水稻产量呈负相关,推荐剂量的除草剂不能有效控制稻田杂草的危害,特别是在早季需要辅以人工措施对稻田杂草进行管理。稻田杂草对除草剂产生了不同程度的抗药性。化学除草剂成本低,水稻种植者目前仍可以通过更换除草剂品种和加大剂量对杂草进行控制。化感抑草品种的推广需要在品质和产量上进一步满足生产的需要。在杂草耐药性增加、环境和政策要求减少化学除草剂投入的双重压力下,选育具有化感抑草效果的水稻品种,结合农艺措施,应该成为今后稻田控草的发展方向之一。

Control effect and influence factors of paddy weeds in Guangdong Province

A survey was conducted in 2015 to investigate the weed control effect and associated influence factors on the early and late paddy weeds in four areas of Guangdong Province. The results showed that rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield was negatively correlated with the comprehensive infestation index (CII) under conventional weed management practices. Herbicide at recommended dosage may not have effective weed control effect in rice paddy, particularly during the early growing season, and therefore, manual weeding is often required. Herbicide resistant weeds have been widely observed in rice paddy. In order to effectively control weeds, rice growers have to use different kinds of herbicides or increase herbicide dosage. In addition, the cultivation of rice cultivars with alleopathic effect may significantly suppress weeds, whereas the quality and yield of rice cultivars with alleopathic effect still needs to be improved. Overall, utilizing appropriate agronomic practice and planting rice cultivars with allelopathic capability appear to be promising for weed control in rice paddy