新疆新扩地棉田微生物区系研究

[目的]明确新疆新扩田埂地棉花优质生长的原因,为棉花可持续生产提供理论依据。[方法]采用稀释平板法,研究新疆新扩田埂地和连作地土壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌、自生固氮菌、无机磷细菌、钾细菌等微生物区系变化,探讨新扩田埂地棉花优质生长的原因。[结果]试验样地的pH值均在7.40左右,近中性,微偏碱,新扩地偏碱更甚;含水率均在19.0%左右,新扩地和连作地无明显差异。新扩地土壤中细菌、放线菌、自生固氮菌、无机磷细菌、钾细菌的总数均高于连作地,而真菌总数刚好相反,连作地具有更高的真菌总数。[结论]土壤微生物是导致棉花生长差异的重要因素。功能性细菌能够维持土壤微生态系统平衡,有利于棉花生长。

Study on the Microflora of Newly Reclaimed Cotton Field in Xinjiang

[Objective] The aim of the study was to confirm the causes for the high-quality growth of cotton in the new reclaimed field ridges in Xinjiang so as to supply theoretical basis for the sustainable production of cotton.[Method] The changes of microfloras such as bacteria,actinomycetes,fungi,abiogenous azotobactor,inorganic phosphobacteria,potassium bacteria in soil in new reclaimed field ridges and continuous cropping field in Xinjiang were studied by diluting plate method and the causes for the high-quality growth of cotton in the new reclaimed field ridges were discussed.[Result] The pH values in tested plots were about 7.40,near neutral,partial to alkali a little and more partial to alkali in new reclaimed field.The water contents were about 19.0 % and had no obvious difference between new reclaimed field and continuous cropping field.The totals of bacteria,actinomycetes,abiogenous azotobactor,inorganic phosphobacteria,potassium bacteria in soil in new reclaimed field were higher than that in continuous cropping field,but the fungi total was just opposite and the continuous cropping field had higher fungi total.[Conclusion] The soil microorganism was an important factor causing the growth difference of cotton.The functional germ could maintain the balance of micro-ecological system in soil and was in favor of the growth of cotton.