大理植烟土壤养分含量及其对烟叶生产的适宜性

为探明大理烟区主要植烟土壤的肥力及旱地、水田肥力的差异,对大理烟区12个县、市植烟土壤的pH、有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量进行了研究。结果表明:研究区内大部分植烟土壤酸碱适中,有机质分布较均匀,速效氮、速效磷含量普遍较高,应合理控施氮肥和磷肥;速效氮含量以大理市最高(121.29 mg/kg),漾濞县最低(73.73 mg/kg);速效磷含量以洱源县最高(90.99 mg/kg),剑川县最低(38.86 mg/kg),但各地区差异均不显著;速效钾含量以洱源县最高(225.82 mg/kg),大理市最低(107.18 mg/kg),差异显著;大理市植烟土壤速效钾含量均偏低,剑川县、弥渡县、南涧县、祥云县和云龙县各有75%、87.5%、44.44%、44.44%、66.67%的植烟土壤速效钾含量偏低,需合理增施钾肥,洱源县和巍山县各有66.67%的植烟土壤速效钾含量偏高,需控制施用钾肥;大理烟区35.6%的植烟旱地和51.4%的植烟水田速效钾含量偏低;植烟水田供氮、磷能力较强,旱地供钾能力较强;植烟水田肥力变异程度较旱地小,需合理控施氮肥和磷肥,增施钾肥。

Tobacco soil fertility and suitability for the tobacco production in Dali tobacco areas

In this paper,the pH value,organic matter,available N,available P and available K of soil in 12 counties and cities in Dali tobacco growing areas were analyzed and compared to investigate fertility of the tobacco growing soil and the difference in soil fertility between dry and paddy field.The results showed most of the soil in the studied area were of moderate pH and the organic matters in the soil distributed homogenately with higher available N and P,indicating that the application of N and P must be controlled.The highest content of soil available N appeared in Dali city(121.29 mg/kg) and the lowest was in Yangpi county,but the difference was not significant among different places.The difference in content of available K in different places was significant,with that in Eryuan county the highest and that in Dali the lowest.The content of available K in Dali tobacco-growing soil was generally low,the available K content in 75%,87.5%,44.44%,44.44%,66.67% of Jianchuan county,Midu county,Nanjian county,Xiangyun county and Yunlong county tobacco growing soil respectively were low,indicating appropriate K application must be applied.66.67% tobacco growing soil in Eryuan county and Weishan county respectively showed high content of available K,indicating the application of K need to be controlled.In Dali tobacco area,35.6% dry field and 51.4% paddy field were lower in available K.The paddy field exhibited strong capacity to supply N and P while the dry field had strong capacity to supply K.The fertility variance of paddy field was smaller than that of the dry field,indicating N and P must be appropriately applied and application of K must be increased in the paddy field.