微肥和稀土对小白菜产量与品质的影响

采用田间小区试验,研究当前蔬菜的主要施肥模式(有机肥无机肥配施)下配合喷施锌、硼、铜、钼、锰及农用稀土对小白菜的产量、品质的影响。结果表明:配合喷施微肥或稀土对小白菜的产量影响无明显规律,但均能不同程度降低小白菜的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量,与对照相比,春季、秋季小白菜的硝酸盐含量分别降低了3.1%~28.2%、6.4%~43.0%,亚硝酸盐含量分别降低3.0%~54.5%、0.0%~20.0%;春季小白菜的维生素C和秋季小白菜的可溶性糖含量分别提高18.6%~82.4%和3.6%~67.9%;耕层土壤中硝态氮含量降低8.5%~69.9%,铵态氮含量提高88.2%~157.4%。综合分析表明,不同施肥处理以有机肥无机肥配施及配合喷施锌肥效果较好,既降低小白菜的硝酸盐含量,又能提高维生素C及可溶性糖含量。

Effect of microelement fertilizer and rare earths on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage

Field plot experiment was carried out to study the effect of microelement fertilizer and rare earths on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage and contents of NH4+?N and NO3??N in tested soil.The results showed that combination of organic manure and NPK fertilizers applied together with microelement fertilizer or rare earths reduced the content of nitrate and nitrites in Chinese cabbage in varying degrees.In comparison with the contrast,nitrate and nitrites contents of Chinese cabbage were reduced by 3.1%–28.2% and 6.4%–43.0% respectively in spring,and reduced by 3.0%–54.5% and 0.0%–20.0% respectively in autumn.Vitamin C content of Chinese cabbage was increased by 18.6%–82.4% in spring and soluble sugar content was increased by 3.6%–67.9% in autumn.NO3??N content was reduced by 8.5%–69.9% and NH4+?N content was increased by 88.2%–157.4% in plough layer of soils.Synthetic analysis showed that combination of organic manure and NPK fertilizers applied together with Zn fertilizer,not only increased vitamin C and soluble sugar contents,but also reduced nitrate content of Chinese cabbage.