人参种子饱满度测定方法及不同规格人参种子的饱满度

本文报道一种人参种子饱满度的测定方法及其应用。在现行人参种子国家标准的基础上，采用图像分析软件对人参种子剖面分别进行种仁和种壳空腔面积进行测定，计算单粒人参种子的充实度，从而对人参种子的饱满度进行估算。采用此方法对人参种子截面积、种子空腔和种仁大小进行了测定，计算了不同等级的人参种子的饱满度。结果表明，不同人参种子充实度在0．5-1．0范围内，呈gauss分布，相关系数（R^2）达到0．99，总体平均值为0．825。其中，充实度不大于0．70的种子约占4％，充实度不大于0．75的种子约占12％，充实度不大于0．8的种子约占30％。宽度≤3．5mm、3．5～4．0mm、4．0～4．5mm、4．5～5．0mm、≥5．0mm等不同等级的人参种子的平均饱满度分别为92．0、84．0、97．0、86．0和79．4。种壳空腔与种子大小呈正相关，人参种子越大种壳空腔越大。当人参种子达到一定宽度后，种仁不再增大；因此，等级高的种子饱满度较低。

Determination of Seed Plumpness of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer

In this paper, we reported a new method for plumpness determination of ginseng seeds. This method was developed based on the method described in GB 6941 - 1986. Ginseng seeds were cut into two parts from the raphe. The sections of the seeds were scanned into a photo, then. The estimation of the areas of seed section, seed kernel and seed cavity is satisfied using Image J, a software provided by NIH. Ginseng seeds collected from different cultivator were divided into different grades by their width,namely ≤3.5mm（1） ,3.5 - 4.0mm（2） ,4.0 - 4.5mm （3） ,4.5 -5.0mm（4）, ≥5.0mm（5）.The seeds in the same grade were tested at the same lot.The fill- rate of a seed was estimated with the area of kernel to cavity ratio. The seeds whose fill - rate is not less than 0.75 were considered to be plump seed. The percentage of plump seeds was defined to be the plumpness of a seed lot.As the results,the fill- rate of giiaseng seeds covers 0.5 - 1.O,and shows a gauss disperse（ R2 = 0.99, n = 3 500）. The average fill - rate of ginseng seed is approximately 0.825. The percentage of the seeds whose fill - rate is not more than 0.70 is approximately 4% .That of the seeds whose fill- rate is less than 0.75 is approximately 12% ,30% for those whose fill- rate is less than 0.80. With the increase of the seed scale, the fill- rates of ginseng seeds increases at first and then decreases, This is because that the kernels of seeds in large scale do not increase when the seed scale increase. The plumpness of different grades of ginseng seeds is 92.0%, 84.0% ,97.0% ,86.0% and 79.4% respectively.