引进广东水稻种质的恢保关系及杂种优势评价

摘要：【研究目的】对引进的72份广东水稻种质的恢保关系及杂种优势进行了初步观察。【方法】以自然结实率鉴别恢保类型；以竞争优势为指标反应各性状杂种优势表现。【结果】鉴定出45份恢复类型，8份保持类型，19份半恢半保类型。通过对竞争优势的主成分聚类将45个F1组合分为3类：Ⅰ类有18组合，该类株高、单株穗数及穗着粒数3个性状的竟争优势为正值，播始天数、穗实粒数、结实率、千粒重及单株粒重5个性状为负值；Ⅱ类有11个组合，该类单株穗数、穗着粒数、穗实粒数及单株粒重4个性状的竞争优势为正值，其余性状为负值；Ⅲ类有16个组合，该类单株穗数及穗着粒数2个性状的竟争优势为正值，其余性状为负值。在57个F1组合中，糙米率及垩白米率分别达国标1、2、3级优米标准的组合数为12个、20个、18个及16个、28个、6个，1个组合宜香1A/三黄占2号的整精米率达国标2级优米标准。【结论】广东水稻种质恢复类型居多，单株穗数、粒数及垩白米率的竞争优势明显。

Evaluation of Restore or Remain Characteristics and Heterosis of Rice Germplasm Resources from Guangdong Province

Abstract: The restore or remain characteristics of 72 rice germplasm resources from Guangdong province were distinguished based on natural seed setting, and theirs heterosis of main agronomic characters were preliminary observed based on index of competition vigor. The results showed that 45 Guangdong resources had restoring character to male-infertile lines, 8 resources had maintaining character to male-infertile lines and 19 resources had restoring and maintaining character to male-infertile lines. The 45 hybrid combinations might be divided into 3 groups by using principal component analysis and cluster analysis based on competition superiority. Group I had 18 combinations, with the positive competition superiority of plant height, panicles of per plant and spikelets of per panicle, the negative competition superiority of the period of from sowing to heading, filled spikelets per panicle, seed setting, 1000-grain weight and grain weight per plant. Group II had 11 combinations, with the positive competition superiority of panicles per plant, spikelets per panicle, filled spikelets per panicle and grain weight per plant, the negative competition superiority of other traits. Group III had 16 combinations, with the positive competition superiority of panicles per plant and spikelets per panicle, the negative competition superiority of other traits. Among the 57 hybrid combinations, the brown rice rates of 12, 20 and 18 hybrid combinations reached the first , second and third grade of the national high quality rice standards respectively. The chalky rice rates of 16, 28 and 6 hybrid combinations reached the first , second and third grade of the national high quality rice standards respectively. The head rice rate of 1 combination (Yixiang 1A/Sanhuangzhan-2) reached the second grade of the national high quality rice standards. There were more restoring types among germplasm resources from Guangdong province. Competition superiority of panicles of per plant, spikelets of per panicle and chalky rice rates were significant.