农艺措施对土壤可溶性有机质的影响研究进展

土壤可溶性有机质(DOM)是土壤有机物中的高活性组分，在土壤养分的生物地球化学循环、重金属和有机污染物的迁移转化、土壤矿物质的活化及土壤肥力的保持等过程中发挥着重要作用。农艺措施可通过内外源同步作用显著影响土壤DOM的含量、组分及性质，本文综述了近年来相关研究中不同农艺措施下土壤DOM的变化，总结了不同耕作管理、种植制度、施肥措施以及新型土壤改良剂等对土壤DOM的影响。分析表明，免耕加秸秆覆盖方式可显著提高土壤DOM含量，与单一耕作相比轮作可提升土壤DOM含量，绿肥配施有机肥较单一化肥施用可显著改善土壤DOM的组成和结构，合理调控热解炭和水热炭等土壤调理剂的施用时间、施用量、C/N等性质可优化土壤DOM结构和性能。本综述分析了农艺措施对土壤DOM的影响效果及作用途径，指出了当前的研究热点和难点，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，可为今后合理的农艺措施管理和土壤健康调控提供科学指导。

Effects of Agronomic Measures on Soil Dissolved Organic Matter: A Review

Soil soluble organic matter (DOM) is a highly active component of soil organic matter, which plays an important role in regulating the biogeochemical cycle of soil nutrient elements, the migration and conversion of heavy metals and organic pollutants, the activation of soil minerals, and the maintenance of soil fertility. Agronomic measures, which would significantly affect the content and composition of soil DOM through the simultaneous effect of internal and external sources. Through analyzing the changes of soil DOM in recent years with different agronomic measures applied in related studies, the effects of different tillage methods, planting systems, fertilization and new soil ameliorants on the physicochemical properties and biological components of soil DOM were summarized. The results showed that no-tillage combined with straw mulching could significantly increase soil DOM content. And compared with single tillage, the rotation could significantly increase soil DOM content. Besides, green manure combined with organic fertilizer could significantly improve soil DOM composition and structure compared with single chemical fertilizer application. In addition, application of soil conditioners such as biochar and hydrochar at appropriate time, amount and C/N ratio could optimize structure and performance of soil DOM. This review analyzed the effect and mechanism of agronomic measures on soil DOM, pointed out the hot spots and difficulties of current research, and prospected the future research direction, which could provide scientific guidance for the rational management of agronomic measures and soil health regulation in the future.