草地生态系统动态演化机制研究综述

对国内外关于草地生态系统演化机制的主要研究进行了综述。国内研究者强调自然因素和人为因素是两大驱动因素,其中人口压力及不合理的人类活动是主要驱动因素。国外草地生态学范式经历了均衡草地生态学向非均衡草地生态学的转变,从强调生态系统生物因素是草原退化的主要驱动力发展到强调强烈的环境波动控制草原的动态演化。相比较国内研究,国外研究更系统和深入,不仅仅注重分析单一因素,认为包括人口、经济、社会政治、科学和技术、文化与宗教以及物理、生物、化学等方面的驱动力是导致草地生态系统演变的全球驱动力。

Review on Evolution Mechanisms of Grassland Ecosystem

In this paper, the researches at home and abroad on the evolution mechanisms of grassland ecosystem were reviewed. The domestic researchers emphasized that natural factors and human factors were the two driving factors of grassland＇ s degradation and desertification, and population pressure and irrational human activities were the main driving factors. In contrast, foreign researches were more systemic and thorough. The grassland ecology paradigm developed from equilibrium theory which emphasized biological factors as the main factors of grassland degradation to nonequilibrium theory that emphasized environmental strong fluctuation controlled grassland ecosystem evolution. And the global driving factors＇ list of grassland ecosystem evolution included population, economic, social, political, science and technology, culture and religion, as well as physical, biological, chemical and other factors had been accordantly generated.