不同生育期旱涝交替胁迫对水稻产量及构成的影响

以农田水位作为水稻旱涝交替胁迫调控指标,在蒸渗测坑进行了水稻分蘖期、拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期、乳熟期旱涝交替胁迫试验,研究了不同生育阶段旱涝交替胁迫条件下水稻生长、产量及构成要素的变化.结果表明4个主要生育期旱涝交替胁迫均会对水稻产量造成影响,抽穗开花期影响最大(减产14.67%和20.16%).分蘖期、拔节孕穗期旱涝交替胁迫会降低有效穗数(降低了5.76%~8.94%);拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期旱涝交替胁迫会对每穗粒数产生抑制(降低了6.07%~9.57%).抽穗开花期、乳熟期胁迫会影响结实率,其中抽穗开花期影响最大(减少了5.89%和7.24%).乳熟期胁迫会使千粒质量降低(降低了3.81%和5.70%).多个生育期连续旱涝交替胁迫会产生叠加效应,严重影响水稻产量,在日常种植中应尽量避免.

Influence of drought and flood alternation stress in different growth stages on rice yield and components

Using water level in rice fields as a regulation index of drought and flood alternation stress, the changes of rice growth, yield and components in different growth stages under drought and flood stress were studied experimentally in the paper. Field experiments were conducted by employing evapotranspiration absorption(ETA)bed in tillering, jointing and booting, heading and flowering as well as milky stages. The drought and flood alternation stresses occurred in four major growth periods could affect rice yield, especially the stress in jointing and booting stages, which could reduce the yield by 14.67% and 20.16% in maximum, respectively. The stresses in tillering stage could decrease number of rice panicles by 5.76% to 8.94%. The stresses in jointing and booting stages as well as heading and flowering stages could decrease number of grains per panicle by 6.07% to 9.57%. The stresses in hea-ding and flowering stages as well as milky stages could decline seed setting rate, especially, that in heading and flowering stages, which resulted in reductions of seed setting rate by 5.89% and 7.24% in maximum. The stress in milky stage could lower thousand grain weight by 3.81% and 5.70%. The successive drought and flood alternation stresses in multiple growth stages can produce a superposition effect and affect rice yield severely. This situation should be avoided as much as possible in ordinary rice planting.