切花非洲菊多倍体诱变初报

 以非洲菊‘阳光海岸’和‘白马王子’ (2n=2x=50) 品种为供试材料, 采用秋水仙素对其组培丛生芽进行离体诱导, 成功获得了四倍体植株。秋水仙素处理浓度和处理时间分别为0.02%、0.05%、0.10%和24、36、48 h。试验结果表明, 以0.10%的秋水仙素处理48 h诱导效果最佳, ‘阳光海岸’和‘白马王子’的丛生芽变异率分别为16%和10%。总体上看, 非洲菊对秋水仙素的敏感性较低。经气孔鉴定、染色体计数和形态学观察, 变异材料染色体数加倍(2n=4x=100) 。与二倍体相比, 变异材料气孔面积增大, 花序变大, 叶色变深, 叶尖变钝圆, 叶片质感变厚, 花梗直径变粗, 花梗基部花青素着色变深。最终分别获得稳定的‘阳光海岸’和‘白马王子’多倍体植株200余株和300余株。

Preliminary Studies on Polyploidy Mutation of Cut Flower Gerbera jamesonii Bolus

Tetrap loidswere successfully induced from in vitro plantlets of diploid Gerbera jamesoniiBolus‘Cabana’and‘Dalma’(2n=2x=50) by dipping shoot tip s with colchicine. Colchicine at a concentration of 0.02% , 0.05% , 0.10% were tested for 24, 36 and 48 h. The results indicated that the most efficientcondition for inducing tetrap loids was treated with 0110% colchicine for 48 h. The highest mutation rate of‘Cabana’and‘Dalma’was 16% and 10%, respectively. As a whole, gerbrea shoots seemed be not sensibility to colchicines. Mutation budswere screened bymorphological app raisal, stomatal and cytological identification. The chromosome number of part mutants have doubled to 100 (2n=4x=100). As compared with diploid, tetraploid of Gerbera jamesonii Bolus was characterized by larger stoma area, larger flower head,thicker leaves color, leaves tend to round, thicker leaves, larger stem diameter and anthocyanin coloration of peduncle baseswere obviously strong. Finally, over 200 and 300 stable tetrap loids of‘Cabana’and‘Dalma’were respectively abtained.