膜下滴灌量对复播大豆土壤含水量及产量形成的影响

为探明膜下滴灌量对复播大豆土壤含水量及产量形成的影响规律，为当地复播大豆高产节水的适宜滴灌量提供理论依据。于2016年大田滴灌试验条件下，采用单因素随机区组试验设计，试验设3780 m3/hm2(W1)、3360 m3/hm2(W2)、2940 m3/hm2(W3)、 2520 m3/hm2(W4)、2100 m3/hm2(W5). 5个滴灌量处理。研究结果表明：随着滴灌量的增加，各处理0~60 cm土层土壤含水量均呈增加趋势，不同生育时期各处理0~40 cm土层土壤含水量变化较小，40~60 cm土层土壤含水量变化较大；各处理复播大豆全生育期的株高及茎粗均表现为W2>W1>W3>W4>W5；叶面积指数及叶日积均随着滴灌量的增加呈现先增后降的变化趋势，且各处理均在鼓粒期达到最大值，以W2处理最高，分别为5.66和97.83 m2?d； W2处理干物质最大积累速率(Vm)、干物质总量及产量均为最高，其中产量为3133.25 kg/hm2，较W1、W3、W4、W5处理的分别提高了8.08%、11.48%、27.87%、47.73%；灌溉水利用效率在W2、W3、W4之间则差异不显著，但W1处理的与其他处理的均达到显著差异(P<0.05)。综合考虑复播大豆的生长发育、产量及灌溉水利用效率，得出复播大豆高产节水的适宜膜下滴灌量为3360 m3/hm2。

Amount of Drip Irrigation Under Mulch Film: Effects on Soil Water Content and Yield Formation of Summer Soybean

This study aims to investigate the rules of drip irrigation on soil water content and yield formation of summer soybean, and provide references for high yield and water saving of optimal drip irrigation amount of summer soybean.【Methods】A field experiment under drip irrigation with five amounts of drip irrigation: 3780 m3/hm2(W1), 3360 m3/hm2(W2), 2940 m3/hm2(W3), 2520 m3/hm2(W4), and 2100 m3/hm2(W5) were set in a randomized block experimental design in 2016. 【Results】 The results showed that with the increase of drip irrigation, the water content in 0-60 cm soil layer increased. The soil water content of 0-40 cm soil layer changed little at different growth stages, while it changed greatly in 40-60 cm soil layer. The plant height and stem diameter of soybean in the whole growth period followed the sequence: W2>W1>W3>W4>W5. Leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration(LAD) initially increased and then decreased with increasing irrigation volume, all treatments reached the maximum at the seed filling stage. W2 treatment was the highest in both LAI and LAD, which was 5.66 and 97.83 m2?d, respectively. Moreover, the maximum increase rate of dry matter(Vm) , the total dry matter accumulation and yield were also highest in W2 treatment, and the yield of W2 was 3133.25 kg/hm2, which increased by 8.08%, 11.48%, 27.87% and 47.73% in comparing with that of W1, W3, W4 and W5. The irrigation water use efficiency had no significant difference among treatment W2, W3 and W4. However, there were significant differences between W1 treatment and other treatments (P<0.05).【Conclusion】Based on comprehensive analysis on growth and development, yield and irrigation water use efficiency of summer soybean, it proposed that the appropriate drip irrigation quota under mulch film for high yield and water saving of summer soybean should be 3360 m3/hm2.