典型黑土区耕地生态安全评价及阻力分析——以长春市为例

研究旨在针对黑土区耕地生态安全状况，以典型黑土区长春市为例，基于“压力-状态-响应”模型构建黑土区特有的耕地生态安全评价指标体系。釆用层次分析法和熵值法相结合的综合确权法及阻力度模型对长春市2005—2014年的耕地生态安全状况以及阻力因素进行分析。研究结果表明：（1）2005—2014年长春市耕地生态安全等级经历了“安全—临界安全—较安全—临界安全”的变化过程，呈波动下降的状态；（2）长春市耕地生态安全响应指数呈上升状态，压力指数和状态指数呈下降状态；（3）从单项阻力指标变化趋势上看，草地覆盖率、自然灾害受灾指数、农业财政支出比重、单位耕地面积化肥负荷等指标阻力度上升幅度较大；（4）长春市下辖县市耕地生态安全的空间分布方面，2005年长春市地区均处于安全和较安全状态；2008年安全区分布范围向长春市西部缩小，敏感区向长春市东部扩展；2011年除双阳区之外，长春市其他地区均处于安全状态。因此在耕地利用过程中应注重水土保持和化肥农药的科学利用，保护黑土区的耕地生态安全。

Ecological Security Assessment and Obstacle Factors Analysis of Cultivated Land in Typical Black Soil Region: A Case Study of Changchun

Aiming at the ecological security of cultivated land in black soil area, this paper selected typical black soil area in Changchun as the research object, constructed the cultivated land ecological security index system in black soil region based on the“pressure-state-respond”model, to analyze the ecological security situation and obstacle factors by AHP, entropy method and the resistance model. The results showed that: (1)from 2005 to 2014, Changchun’s cultivated land ecological security level showed a“safety— sensitive- safety—sensitive—sensitive- safety” change, presenting a fluctuated decreasing trend; (2) the response index of cultivated land ecological security in Changchun increased, and the pressure index and the state index decreased; (3) the trends of individual obstacle factors showed that the resistances of grasslandcoverage, natural disaster index, agricultural fiscal expenditure, chemical fertilizer load of unit cultivated land area increased significantly; (4) this study analyzed the spatial distribution of cultivated land ecological security in Changchun, in 2005, Changchun was in a safe state, in 2008, the distribution area of the safe area narrowed to the west of Changchun, and the sensitive area expanded to the eastern part of Changchun. Except Shuangyang in 2011, Changchun was in a safe state. Therefore, we should pay attention to soil and water conservation and scientific utilization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the process of cultivated land use, and protect the ecological security of cultivated land of black soil area.