油菜水肥需求规律及一体化施用技术研究进展

油菜的水肥需求规律及一体化施用技术目前缺少指导标准，本文通过总结前人研究成果，对油菜全生命过程中水、氮、磷和钾肥的需求规律进行总结和分析，旨在为油菜种植提供参考，并为深入油菜的水肥需求研究提供建议。结果表明，不同地区油菜全生育期需水量变化范围为3000 m3/hm2-4000m3/hm2，需水关键期出现在开花期和角果期；各地区综合比较氮肥适宜用量在150kg/hm2-180kg/hm2，磷肥60 kg/hm2-80kg/hm2左右, 钾肥120kg/hm2-140kg/hm2。油菜水肥耦合研究主要集中在灌水量与施肥量的组合方面，真正实现水肥一体施用的研究成果鲜见。我国油菜种植水肥一体化施用的技术研究体系研究相对滞后，对水肥利用效率的研究还不够深入，少量的试验研究证明水肥一体施用能够有效提高水、肥利用效率，并可显著提高产量。综上所述，油菜种植水肥需求规律的量化工作需要继续深入，尤其是水肥一体化灌溉技术及效果亟待突破。

Water and Fertilizer Demand Rule of Rape and Integrated Application Technology: Research Progress

In present rape cultivation, water and fertilizer demand rule and their integrated application technology lack guiding standards. This study reviews the researches in this field, summarizes the demand rule of water, N, P and K fertilizer of the full rape growth period, aiming to provide references for rape cultivation and future research. The results show that water demand of the full growth period of rape in different regions varies from 3000 m3/hm2 to 4000 m3/hm2, and the critical period of rape water demand appeared at the flowering period and the pod period. Through a comprehensive comparison, we find that the suitable application amount of N, P and K fertilizers is 150- 180 kg/hm2, 60- 80 kg/hm2 and 120- 140 kg/hm2, respectively. The water and fertilizer coupling researches mainly concentrate on the combined amount of fertilizer and irrigation, but those fulfilling the integrated application are rarely seen. Chinese research in this field is relatively backward and superficial, only a few researches prove that the integrated application of water and fertilizer could improve the utilization efficiency and increase the yield. To sum up, the quantification of the water and fertilizer demanding rule of rape still needs further study, especially the technology of the integrated application.