秸秆覆盖对核桃园土壤性状及果实产量和品质的影响

本试验以15年生的‘辽宁1号’核桃树为试材，探究秸秆覆盖对北方旱地核桃园土壤水温变化、有机质含量、果树根系生长及果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明：秸秆覆盖可在气温较低时提高土壤温度，而在气温较高时降低土壤温度。此外，秸秆覆盖可有效提高土壤0~40 cm土层土壤含水量，并显著提高0~60 cm土层土壤有机质含量。与对照相比，秸秆覆盖增加了0~60 cm土层细根的长度和表面积，同时显著提高了果实的含油量及产量。可见，核桃园经秸秆覆盖可以起到蓄水保墒，增加土壤肥力的作用，并最终达到果树增产的目的。

Straw Mulching in Walnut Orchards: Effect on Soil Properties, Fruit Yield and Quality

TTaking 15-year-old ‘Liaoning 1’ walnut trees as test material, we studied the effect of straw mulching (SM) on changes of soil water temperature, organic matter content, root growth and fruit yield and quality of walnut orchard in northern dryland. The results showed that: straw mulching could increase soil temperature at lower air temperature and decreased soil temperature at higher air temperature; moreover, straw mulching could effectively improve the soil moisture content at 0-40 cm, and significantly increased the soil organic matter content at 0-60 cm soil layer; compared with CK, straw mulching increased the length and surface area of the fine roots of the 0-60 cm soil, and significantly increased the oil content and yield of the fruit. Therefore, the appliance of SM in the walnut orchard has the effect of storage and preservation of soil moisture and increase the soil fertility, in order to improve the fruit yield.