异色瓢虫对玉米田害虫控害功能的研究进展

【目的】异色瓢虫(Harmonia axyridis),作为重要的捕食性天敌昆虫,在农林业害虫生防中发挥着重要作用。随着玉米田面积扩大,化防的失效,玉米田害虫种类数量增加,害虫对玉米产量和品质造成较大影响,进而影响到农户经济收入,及时总结国内外异色瓢虫生物生态学特性研究进展,科学利用这种天敌进行农田害虫生物防治,从而为玉米生产提供技术保障就显得十分必要。【方法】本文综述国内外近期对异色瓢虫生物学及生态学特性的研究成果,概括了生活史、习性、飞行和运动、田间释放、动态和分布、生产繁育等方面的重要进展,也展望了相关研究的新趋势和新热点。【结果】综述表明：基于异色瓢虫的人工饲养技术发展及瓢虫对玉米田害虫实际防效的评价等方面的研究,提出释放人工饲养的异色瓢虫来防治多种玉米田害虫,可使其安全地发挥应有的生防效能。【结论】最后指出,异色瓢虫是具有较大生防潜力的天敌昆虫,相应的饲养和释放技术可为发展绿色、可持续的玉米生产提供保障。

Biological Control of Harmonia axyridis on Insect Pests in Corn Fields: Research Progress

Harmonia axyridis, one of predatory insect species, plays a key role in the biological control of agroforestry pests. With the continuous increase of corn planting acreage and pest resistance to chemical insecticides, species and amount of insect pests in corn fields are rising quickly, which seriously influence yield and quality of corn production, furthermore have a negative impact on farmers’income. So, timely summary on researches of Harmonia axyridis can provide references for a comprehensive understanding its biological control function, support its field application and furthermore to guarantee the sustainable production of corn. In this review, the authors summarized domestic and abroad researches on biology and ecological characteristics of Harmonia axyridis, including life history, habits, flight and movement, fieldrelease, temporal dynamics and spatial distribution, reproduction and breeding, and predicted the new hot spots of researches in the future. Based on the latest advance of artificial feeding technique and the evaluation of practical control efficiency of Harmonia axyridis, we propose to release Harmonia axyridis to effectively control pests in corn fields, and points out that Harmonia axyridis has biocotrol potential, artificial feeding and field release of Harmonia axyridis could effectively prevent and control corn pests to guarantee a sustainable corn production.