不同生物降解地膜对大蒜生长发育的影响及降解效果研究

以金乡白皮蒜为试验材料，研究了“降解1号”、“降解2号”、“降解3号”3种氧化-生物双降解地膜、普通地膜及不覆膜对大蒜生长发育和产量的影响，并研究了不同降解地膜的保温保墒和降解性能。结果表明：氧化-生物双降解地膜和普通地膜处理之间，株高、植株重量、假茎粗、单叶平均叶面积以及鳞茎亩产鲜重差异均不显著，3种降解地膜比较，“降解3号”鳞茎产量较高，为28932.75 kg/hm2不覆膜处理由于低温冻害，鳞茎产量为覆膜处理平均产量的17.53%。对比不覆膜处理，不同覆膜处理均能显著提高5 cm和15 cm的土层温度以及10 cm土层的土壤含水量，尤其能够显著提高深层土壤温度，生物降解地膜与普通地膜处理之间差异不显著。降解性能对比，“降解1号”降解效果最好，至大蒜成熟期，最大拉力和断裂伸长率为0，“降解2号”和“降解3号”断裂伸长率分别为102.83%和360.28%。

Influence of Different Biodegradable Plastic Film on Garlic Growth and the Degradation Effect

The effects of 3 kinds of oxidation biological double degradable plastic film, common plastic film and uncovered with film on the growth and yield of Jinxiang white garlic were studied. The preservation of heat and moisture and degradation property of different degradable mulching film were surveyed. The results showed that: the difference of plant height, plant weight, stem diameter, single leaf area and fresh bulb weight of different treatments was not significant. The bulb yield of No.3 treatment was the highest (28932.75 kg/hm2). Because of low temperature and freezing injury, the bulb yield of open field was 17.53% of the average yield of plastic film mulching treatments. Soil temperature in 5 cm and 15 cm soil depth of mulching treatments could be significantly increased compared with no mulching treatment, and soil moisture content of 10 cm soil depth could also be increased, the deep soil temperature could be significantly increased particularly with film mulching. There was no significant difference between biodegradable plastic film and ordinary plastic film. Among the three degradable plastic films,“Degradation No.1” had the best degradation effect, whose maximum tension and elongation at break dropped to 0 at mature stage. The elongation at break of “Degradation No.2”and“Degradation No.3”dropped to 102.83% and 360.28% at mature stage.