气象条件对油茶合理采摘期的影响研究

为探究气象条件对油茶合理采摘期的影响，选用‘长林40 号’和‘赣兴48 号’油茶品种为研究对象，设置5 个不同收获时期，结合积温、特殊天气等主要气象因素，分析不同采摘期下不同地区2 个油茶品种各自含油率的变化情况。结果表明，随着茶果的逐渐成熟，‘赣兴48 号’油茶籽仁干基含油率和鲜果含油率整体都呈先增后降的趋势，‘长林40 号’油茶籽仁干基含油率呈直线上升的趋势，鲜果含油率呈先增后降的趋势；‘长林40 号’油茶籽仁干基含油率在10 月28 日达到最大，而‘赣兴48 号’在10 月23日达到最大；2 个油茶品种鲜果含油率均在10 月23 日为最大；随着积温的升高，油茶籽仁干基含油率总体也呈升高趋势；冰冻和采摘期的低温连阴雨天气对茶果油脂的积累均有显著不利影响。综合试验数据得出，霜降前后2天且天气状况适宜的时间段为油茶果采摘的最佳时期。

Effects of Meteorological Condition on Reasonable Picking Period of Camellia oleifera

The objective is to examine the effect of meteorological condition on the best picking period of Camellia oleifera. Variety‘Changlin 40’and‘Ganxing 48’are selected as materials, five picking period treatments are set. Main meteorological factors (i.e. accumulated temperature and special weather) are combined to study the oil content of varieties under different picking periods in different regions. Results showed that with fruit maturing, oil content of both dry kernel and fresh fruit of‘Ganxing 48’first increased then decreased, the oil content of dry kernel of‘Changlin 40’increased straightly, while oil content of fresh fruit first increased then decreased. The oil content of dry kernel of‘Changlin 40’reached the maximum level on October 28 and that of‘Ganxing 48’reached the maximum on October 23. The oil content of fresh fruit of both the two varieties was the maximum on October 23. The oil content of dry kernel increased along with the accumulated temperature. The accumulated crude fat was significantly decreased by freezing and the lowtemperature with continuous rainy weather. In general, the best time for picking C. oleifera should be 2 days before or after the Frost’s Descent when it is sunny.