施氮量对黑土条件下春小麦品质的影响

为了明确黑土条件下不同基因型春小麦品种实现优质高效的施氮量，方法]于2016—2017 在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所温室选用2个中筋春小麦品种‘农麦4号’‘( NM4’)和‘农麦5号’‘( NM5’)，2个强筋春小麦品种‘津强7号’‘( JQ7’)和‘津强8号’‘( JQ8’)为材料，采用盆栽方式，研究了3种施氮量0 kg/hm2 (N0)、120 kg/hm2 (N120)、240 kg/hm2 (N240)与品种互作对黑土春小麦籽粒蛋白质及氨基酸产量的影响。结果]不同施氮量和品种对春小麦籽粒蛋白质和氨基酸产量均有显著或极显著影响（P＜0.05 或P＜0.01），且施氮量×品种互作效应显著(P＜0.05)。黑土条件下，如果仅从施氮量角度考虑，应采用N 120 kg/hm2的处理实现春小麦优质高效；如果仅从品种角度考虑，要获得较多的蛋白质产量和氨基酸产量，应选用强筋春小麦品种‘津强8 号’；如果从施氮量和品种互作的角度分析，强筋春小麦品种‘津强7 号’×施氮量N 240 kg/hm2，中筋春小麦品种‘农麦5’号×施氮量N 240 kg/hm2能够实现黑土地小麦优质高效。【结论】该研究为黑土区改善春小麦品质的产业发展提供了理论依据与技术支撑。

Effects of Nitrogen Amount on Spring Wheat Quality in Black Soil

To clarify the nitrogen amount for achieving high quality and high efficiency of different genotypes of spring wheat varieties in black soil, Method] 2 middle gluten spring wheat varieties‘Nongmai No. 4’‘( NM4’),‘Nongmai No. 5’‘( NM5’), and 2 strong gluten varieties‘Jinqiang No. 7’‘( JQ7’) and‘Jinqiang No. 8’‘( JQ8’) were used as materials in 2016-2017 in the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Pot experiments in greenhouse were carried out. The effects of interactions between nitrogen amounts 0 kg/hm2 (N0), 120 kg/hm2 (N120) and 240 kg/hm2 (N240)] and varieties on grain protein and amino acid yield in black soil were studied. Result] The results showed that there were significant (P <0.05) or very significant (P <0.01) effects of nitrogen amount and variety on grain protein and amino acid yield of spring wheat, and the interaction effect of nitrogen amount×variety was obvious (P <0.05). In terms of nitrogen amount in black soil, N 120 kg/hm2 should be used to obtain the high quality and high efficiency of spring wheat. In terms of variety, we should select strong gluten spring wheat variety‘JQ8’ to obtain more protein and amino acid yield rather than other varieties. In terms of interaction effects of nitrogen amount×variety, the strong gluten spring wheat variety‘JQ7’× nitrogen amount N 240 kg/hm2 and the middle gluten spring wheat variety‘NM5’× nitrogen amount N 240 kg/hm2 could achieve the high quality and high efficiency of wheat in black soil. Conclusion]The study provides theoretical basis and technical support for the improvement of industry development in spring wheat quality under black soil.