生物降解膜覆盖马铃薯增产机理研究

目的]为了探明广东省冬种马铃薯使用生物降解膜的增产机理,设置了生物降解膜、生物降解除草膜、普通塑料膜、不盖膜四个处理。方法]通过大田试验研究了不同覆盖方式对土壤温度、养分以及马铃薯产量和品质的影响。结果]结果表明,三种地膜覆盖处理下,各耕层土壤温度差异不显著,较不盖膜处理差异显著,其中膜下10 cm上午9点生物降解除草膜、生物降解膜、普通塑料膜较不盖膜处理土壤温度分别提高2.17 ℃、2.57 ℃、2.29 ℃；各处理中以生物降解除草膜和生物降解膜的土样养分含量最低,不盖膜最高；生物降解除草膜和生物降解膜较普通塑料膜商品薯增产2335.5 kg/hm2和2056.5 kg/hm2,但是差异不显著,较不盖膜处理分别增产5947.5 kg/hm2和5668.5 kg/hm2,差异显著。结论]生物降解膜不仅可以有效解决白色污染问题,而且有利于提高马铃薯的商品薯产量,对推动广东省马铃薯产业升级具有重要的现实意义。

Yield-increasing Mechanism of Biodegradable Mulch Cover Potato

To study the yield- increasing mechanism of winter potato with biodegradable mulch film in Guangdong, four treatments including biodegradable film, biodegradable herbicidal film, plastic film and bare land are set. The effects of different treatments on soil temperature, nutrients, potato yield and quality are studied by field experiments. The results show that soil temperature of different mulch films has no significant difference and has significant difference compared with that of bare land treatment, the 10 cm soil temperature of biodegradable herbicidal mulch film, biodegradable mulch film and plastic film increase by 2.17, 2.57 and 2.29℃ compared with that of bare land. The soil nutrients content of biodegradable herbicidal mulch film and biodegradable mulch film are the lowest, and that of bare land is the highest. The tuber yield of biodegradable herbicidal mulch film and biodegradable mulch film increase by 2335.5 and 2056.5 kg/hm2 compared with that of plastic film, increase by 5947.5 and 5668.5 kg/hm2 compared with that of bare land. Biodegradable mulch film could not only solve the white pollution problem, but also improve the marketable tuber yield of potato, it is very important to promote the potato industry in Guangdong.