膜下滴灌不同追肥处理对马铃薯商品薯率及微量元素吸收效率的影响

为高效生产栽培马铃薯提供科学依据，促进马铃薯产业快速发展。方法]采用田间试验的方法，研究了膜下滴灌不同追肥处理，即T1（CK, 追肥0 kg/hm2）、T2（追肥600 kg/hm2）、T3（追肥750 kg/hm2）、T4（追肥900 kg/hm2）对马铃薯产量、商品薯率及马铃薯生育期微量元素积累与吸收效率的影响。结果、结论]结果表明：（1）马铃薯后期追肥有效提高马铃薯产量和商品薯率。与T1处理相比，T2、T3、T4处理产量分别增加了9.24%、27.18%、16.60%；商品薯率分别增加了14.73%、23.52%、18.44%，各处理差异性显著。试验中马铃薯最佳施肥量为底肥为2250 kg/hm2，追肥为750 kg/hm2，产量达38835 kg/hm2。（2）马铃薯后期追肥显著提高了微量元素积累量。与T1处理相比，T2、T3、T4处理全生育期平均铁积累量分别提高了22.74%、46.39%、35.81%；锰分别提高了16.40%、29.89%、25.70%；铜分别提高了14.41%、40.81%、26.41%；锌分别提高了12.84%、25.92%、19.34%。（3）追肥有效提高了马铃薯对铁、锰、铜、锌的吸收速率。与T1处理相比，T2、T3、T4全生育期平均铁吸收速率分别提高了22.97%、45.95%、32.43%；锰分别提高了17.08%、29.89%、25.70%；铜分别提高了12.92%、39.53%、20.16%；锌分别提高了9.49%、26.65%、17.00%。（4）不同微量元素达到最大吸收速率时的马铃薯生育阶段有所差异。其中，铁铜锌最大吸收速率出现在块茎膨大期，而锰出现在块茎形成期。因此，马铃薯微量元素最佳补充时期宜在块茎形成期至块茎膨大期。

Effect of Different Topdressing Treatments on Commercial Potato Rate and Absorption Efficiency of Trace Elements Under Mulching Drip Irrigation

To provide scientific evidence for efficient production and cultivation of potato and promote the rapid development of potato industry, different topdressing treatments in field were conducted, which were T1 (CK, 0 kg/hm2), T2 (600 kg/hm2), T3 (750 kg/hm2) and T4 (900 kg/hm2), to explore their effect on potato yield, commercial rate, the accumulation and absorption efficiency of trace elements at growth stage under drip irrigation. The results showed that: (1) the yield and commercial rate of potato could be efficiently improved by topdressing in the late stage, compared with T1 treatment, the yield of T2, T3 and T4 treatment increased by 9.24% , 27.18% and 16.60% respectively, while the commercial rate increased by 14.73% , 23.52% and 18.44% , respectively, and the yield and commercial rate of potato were remarkably different among all treatments, the optimum fertilization was base fertilizer 2250 kg/hm2, topdressing 750 kg/hm2, and the yield reached 38835 kg/hm2; (2) the accumulation of trace elements was significantly increased by late stage topdressing, compared with T1 treatment, in the whole growth period, the average iron accumulation amount of T2, T3 and T4 increased by 22.74% , 46.39% and 35.81% , respectively, Mn accumulation increased by 16.40%, 29.89% and 25.70%, respectively, copper accumulation increased by 14.41%, 40.81% and 26.41%, respectively, and zinc accumulation increased by 12.84% , 25.92% and 19.34% , respectively; (3) the absorption rate of iron, manganese, copper and zinc were effectively increased by topdressing, compared with T1 treatment, in the whole growth period, the average iron absorption rate of T2, T3 and T4 increased by 22.97%, 45.95% and 32.43%, respectively, Mn absorption rate increased by 17.08%, 29.89% and 25.70%, respectively; copper absorption rate increased by 12.92% , 39.53% and 20.16% , respectively, and zinc absorption rate increased by 9.49%, 26.65% and 17.00%, respectively; (4) the maximum absorption rate of different trace elements appeared at different potato growth stages, among them, the maximum absorption rate of iron, copper and zinc appeared at the tuber enlargement stage, while the maximum absorption rate of manganese appeared at the tuber formation stage. Therefore, the best supplementary period of trace elements to potato should be during the tuber formation to the tuber enlargement stage.