减氮配施控释尿素对冬小麦产量及氮肥效率的影响

为探究冬小麦科学施氮技术，采用田间试验研究了推荐施肥全量施氮(196 kg N/hm2)和减氮20%(156.8 kg N/hm2)条件下，不同控释尿素与普通尿素配比对冬小麦产量及氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明：施氮显著增产17.11%~27.39%，推荐施肥较农户施肥增产2.14%~8.77%。减氮20%产量与全量氮无显著差异。等氮条件下，施用控释尿素的氮肥利用率均高于普通尿素，且减氮处理均高于全量氮处理。施氮156.8 kg/hm2 （75%控释尿素+25%普通尿素）产量较农户施肥增产6.60%，氮肥利用率较经验施肥和全量普通尿素提高13.64 和9.22 个百分点，氮肥农学效率增加2.29 和1.44 kg/kg。施氮156.8 kg/hm2（75%控释尿素+25%普通尿素）一次性基施对豫北地区冬小麦具有较好的增产效果，氮肥效率较高。

Combined Application of Controlled-release Urea and Conventional Urea Under Reduced N Rate Affect Yield and N Utilization Efficiency of Winter Wheat

To explore the scientific nitrogen application on winter wheat, field experiments were conducted to study the effect of different rates of controlled-release urea and conventional urea under the application of recommended total nitrogen (196 kg N/hm2) and nitrogen reduction 20% (156.8 kg N/hm2) on yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization of winter wheat. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased winter wheat yield by 17.11%-27.39%, and the ecommended nitrogen application increased the yield by 2.14%- 8.77% compared with that of farmers’habits. The yield had no significant difference between the 20% of nitrogen reduction and total nitrogen. Under the condition of equal nitrogen, the nitrogen utilization efficiency of controlled release urea was higher than that of conventional urea, and that of nitrogen reduction was higher than that of total nitrogen treatment. The yield under nitrogen 156.8 kg/hm2 (75% controlled release urea and 25% conventional urea) increased by 6.60% compared with that of the farmers’ habits, and the nitrogen use efficiency increased by 13.64 and 9.22 percentage points compared with theempirical fertilization and recommended total nitrogen, and the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 2.29 and 1.44 kg/kg. In conclusion, nitrogen 156.8 kg/hm2 (75% controlled-release urea and 25% conventional urea) used one time as basic fertilizer has good yield increasing effect on winter wheat with enhanced nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in the northern areas of Henan Province.