小麦三雌蕊近等基因系的麦谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白分析

为充分利用小麦三雌蕊近等基因系的优良性状，深入探索其在小麦遗传育种中的利用价值。采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，对小麦三雌蕊近等基因系的高分子量麦谷蛋白(HMW-GS)、低分子量麦谷蛋白(LMW-GS)和醇溶蛋白进行了分析。以‘中国春’(CS)为参照，按照LMW-GS和醇溶蛋白电泳图谱条带迁移距离大小和条带多态性对供试材料进行聚类分析。麦谷蛋白的SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明，10份材料共出现了10 种HMW-GS 亚基类型和8 种亚基组合；在Glu-A1 位点，主要亚基Null 的频率达60%；Glu-B1 位点，主要亚基7+8 的频率为50%；Glu-D1 位点，主要亚基2+12 的频率为60%；主要亚基组合为Null/7+8/2+12。10 份材料共分离出20 条LMW-GS带谱，其中共有带谱10 条，比例为50%。醇溶蛋白的A-PAGE电泳结果表明，10 份材料共分离出25 条带谱，其中共有带谱5 条，比例为20%。聚类分析结果表明，10 份材料的遗传距离为0.03~0.28，当遗传距离为0.26 时，10 份材料可分为3 大类。综合麦谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白分析以及聚类分析结果可知，小麦三雌蕊近等基因系不能用于提高小麦的品质育种，但可用于提升小麦的产量育种，其首要目标是提高千粒重。

Wheat Near Isogenic Lines with Three Pistils: Analysis of Glutenin and Gliadin

The aim is to fully utilize the fine traits of wheat near isogenic lines with three pistils and explore the utility value in wheat breeding. The high molecular weight glutenin, low molecular weight glutenin and gliadin of wheat near isogenic lines with three pistils were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Taking‘Chinese Spring’(CS) as a reference, cluster analysis was carried out by the band migration distance and band polymorphism of the LMW-GS and gliadin electrophoretic map. The high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) results from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE) showed that there were 10 types of subunits and 8 types of subunit combination in 10 wheat materials. At the Glu-A1 loci, the frequency of major subunit nulls reached 60%; at the Glu-B1 loci, the frequency of the major subunit 7+8 was 50%; at the Glu-D1 loci, the frequency of the major subunit 2+12 was 60%; the major subunit combination was Null/7+8/2+12. In the low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS), 10 wheat materials totally isolated 25 bands, 10 bands were isolated from all materials and the ratio was 50%. The gliadin results from acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A- PAGE) showed that there were 25 bands isolated from 10 wheat materials totally, 5 bands were isolated from all materials and the ratio was 20%. The results of cluster analysis showed that the genetic distance of 10 wheat materials was 0.03 to 0.28. When the genetic distance was 0.26, 10 materials could be divided into 3 categories. Based on the analysis of glutenin and gliadin and cluster analysis, it can be concluded that wheat near isogenic lines with three pistils can not be used to improve the quality of wheat in breeding, but it can be used to improve the yield of wheat, and the mostimportant task is to improve the 1000-kernel weight.