地形对于村落雷击概率影响模拟研究

在对中国传统村落名录收录的古村落进行保护规划时，防雷保护是其中重要的一部分。现有的村落防雷保护研究更多侧重于定性的保护方法，对不同地形条件下的村落雷击概率的定量化研究还不多。本研究基于闪电随机模拟的方法，利用Matlab对闪电路径进行模拟，并分别分析村落位于平原、山脚及山谷处的雷击概率。模拟结果显示，平原的村落雷击概率最高，当村落位于山脚时，其雷击概率要比位于平原处小；当村落位于山谷时，其雷击概率比位于山脚处更小。主要原因是：建筑物周边的高大山体对于闪电有截收效应，位于山体周边时建筑雷击概率比平原时降低。模拟结果还显示小尺寸、低高度的建筑物仍然有发生侧击的危险，在农村的防雷保护工作中需加以关注。

Terrain Effect on Lightning Stroke Probability of Village: A Simulation Study

Lightning protection is important in ancient village planning and protection, especially for villages listed as Chinese Traditional Village. At present, the research on village lightning protection focus more on qualitative protection method, not much quantitative study has been conducted on the lightning stroke probability of village over different terrains. Based on the method of stochastic simulation, we simulated the lightning channel with Matlab and analyzed the lightning stroke probability of village on plain, in valley and at the bottom of hill. The simulated results showed that: the lightning stroke probability of village on plain was the highest, when the village was at the bottom of hill, the probability decreased, when the village was in valley, the probability was less than that at the bottom of hill. The main reason could be that the high hill around the building intercepted lightning stroke, and the lightning stroke probability of building decreased when it stayed by the hill compared with that stayed in plain. Besides, building with small size and low height could catch side stroke in the simulation, and need attention in lightning protection in village.