淹水胁迫下辣椒种子生理生化响应研究

为了促进辣椒抗涝品种的选育，解决辣椒生产上的涝害问题，通过研究淹水胁迫对辣椒种子生理生化的影响，为辣椒抗涝品种选育提供理论基础。以生产上对水涝敏感度低、中、高的3个辣椒品种‘S15’、‘A46’和‘A77’的种子为材料，研究淹水胁迫0 h、10 h、5天、10天、15天、20天后的种子发芽率和发芽势的变化，以及不同淹水时间对SOD、POD、CAT、GR、AMS和LPS等酶活力，PRO和可溶性糖含量，超氧阴离子、羟自由基含量的影响。研究发现，不同水涝敏感度种子对水涝的响应不一。淹水20天后，‘S15’的超氧阴离子、羟自由基含量最低，Pro和可溶性糖含量最高，谷胱甘肽还原酶活性最高；‘A77’的可溶性糖含量最低，SOD、CAT活性最低，超氧阴离子、羟自由基含量最高。隶属函数分析结果表明，不同种子对淹水胁迫的响应差异随着淹水时间的延长不再产生较大差异，5天可作为辣椒抗涝鉴定淹水胁迫的最佳时间。研究认为，不同辣椒种子表现出的耐涝性与生产实际一致；各项生理生化指标相关性不显著，均可作为辣椒品种抗涝性的鉴定指标。

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Pepper Seeds Under Waterlogging Stress

The paper aims to promote the breeding of waterlogging resistant pepper varieties, and to solve the flooding problems of pepper in the production，to study the effects of flooding stress on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of pepper seeds, and to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of waterlogging resistant pepper varieties. In this paper the author studied three hot pepper species ‘S15’, ‘A46’ and ‘A77’, which waterlogging sensitivity is low, medium and high in production. Their seeds were under waterlogging respectively for 0 h, 10 h, 5 d, 10 d, 15 d and 20 d. The investigations were carried out on the changes of SOD, POD, CAT and GR activities, proline and soluble sugar contents, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical contents of the three, and their germination potential and germination rate after different waterlogging stress were also studied. The study found that different waterlogging sensitivity pepper seeds had different response to waterlogging. In the case of severe waterlogging stress, ‘S15’ had the lowest hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion content, the highest content of Pro and soluble sugar and the highest glutathione reductase activity. ‘A77’ had the lowest soluble sugar content, the lowest activity of SOD and CAT, but highest hydroxyl radical content. Waterlogging treatment for 5 days could be used as the best time for waterlogging identification of simulated flood stress. After comprehensive evaluation, different pepper seeds showed the same waterlogging resistance with the actual. The correlation analysis of physiological and biochemical indexes showed that there were no remarkable correlation between each index; all indexes could be used to evaluate the resistance of cultivars under waterlogging stress.