咖啡副产物作为家畜饲料的饲用价值评价

通过测定咖啡及其副产物的常规营养成分,评价其饲用价值的高低,以期对咖啡副产物的开发利用具有一定的指导作用。结果表明,咖啡壳、咖啡果、咖啡豆的粗蛋白含量在9.54-13.54%之间,差异不大(P>0.05),都显著高于咖啡渣(P<0.01)；粗脂肪含量以咖啡豆最高(4.94-6.86%),咖啡果次之(3.26%),咖啡渣的粗脂肪含量很低(P<0.01)；咖啡渣CF、NDF、ADF和ADL含量显著高于咖啡壳、咖啡果和咖啡豆(P<0.01),而咖啡壳的值最低,反映出其饲用价值最高。这几类原料中,粗灰分、磷含量均以咖啡渣为低(P<0.05),钙含量适中,为0.33%。对于6类原料的RFV(relative feed value,饲料相对值)和GI(grading index,分级指数),二者均以咖啡壳最高,咖啡果次之,咖啡豆居中,而咖啡渣最低。除了咖啡豆间稍有差异(P>0.05)外,6类原料的RFV和GI大小依次为：咖啡壳-1＞咖啡壳-2＞咖啡果＞咖啡豆-1(清洗过)＞咖啡豆-2(未清洗)＞咖啡渣,对应的RFV分别为420.74、260.09、161.15、117.97、110.94和34.43,GI分别为182.76、105.55、34.44、17.03、18.95和0.55。各原料的DMI、NEL值也以咖啡壳最高,咖啡果次之,再者是咖啡豆,咖啡渣最低,四大类原料的饲用价值之间层次分明(P<0.01)。咖啡壳、咖啡果的饲用价值较高,而咖啡渣极低,基本无饲用价值,比稻草还低。建议通过青贮或混贮加以饲料化利用。

Evaluation on Feeding Values of Coffee Residues as Livestock Feed

The common nutritional ingredients of coffee and its by-products were measured to make the evaluation of feeding values and to evaluate the feeding values of coffee and its by-products as livestock feed to promote the development of coffee residues. The results showed that: The crude protein contents of coffee shell, coffee cherry and coffee bean ranged from 9.54-13.54% without obvious differences (P>0.05), of which were significantly higher than that of spent coffee grounds (SCG) nearly and forage quality. The ether extract (EE) contents of coffee bean was highest, ranging from 4.94-6.86%, followed by coffee cherry with a value of 3.26%, and the counterpart of SCG was lowest (P<0.01). The contents of CF, NDF, ADF and ADL of SCG were significantly higher than those of coffee shell, coffee cherry and coffee bean (P<0.01), of which the corresponding values of coffee shell were lowest showing the optimal feeding value. Among the material types, the Ash and P contents were the minimum for SCG, with a middle value of Ca content of 0.33%. For six types of materials, RFVs and GIs were maximum for coffee shell, followed coffee cherry and coffee bean, while the worst was belonged to SCG. Except slight differences between coffee beans, the values of RFVs and GIs successively ranked in coffee shell-1＞coffee shall-2＞coffee cherry＞coffee bean-1 (washed)＞coffee bean-2 (unwashed)＞spent coffee grounds, with the RFVs of 420.74, 260.09, 161.15, 117.97, 110.94, 34.43, and GIs of 182.76, 105.55, 34.44, 17.03, 18.95 and 0.55, respectively. The values of DMI and NEL were maximum for coffee shell, followed by coffee cherry and coffee bean while the counterparts of SCG were minimum, showing a skipping differences between the feeding values from four materials (P<0.01).Therefore, coffee shell and coffee cherry possessed higher feeding values while SCG had a little worth with lower feeding value less than straw. It was suggested that coffee residues could be turned into feedstuff by the process of silage or mixed silage.