水肥耦合对黄河三角洲盐碱地小麦根系形态和分布的影响

[目的]为了探索黄河三角洲轻度和中度盐碱地小麦根系分布情况,分析水肥耦合对小麦的根系分布的影响。[方法] 设置不灌水,灌底墒水,灌底墒水和拔节水,灌底墒水、拔节水和灌浆水4种灌水方式；不施肥,施有机肥,施有机肥与无机复合肥和施无机复合肥4种施肥方式,探索不同水肥耦合条件下黄河三角洲盐碱地小麦根系形态和分布情况。[结果]结果显示,盐碱地小麦根系主要集中在0-30cm土层,且随着土层的加深逐渐减少。在本文中,各根系形态指标之间表现为极显著的正相关关系。灌水次数和施肥种类对小麦根系的生长发育有重要影响,灌2次水,施无机复合肥处理的小麦根系活力最高,根系形态最好。[结论]因此,在黄河三角洲轻度和中度盐碱地,小麦根系分布主要集中于前30 cm,拔节水和无机复合肥有利于促进小麦根系发育,可获得较好的根系形态结构。

Water-Fertilizer Coupling Affecting Root Morphology and Distribution of Wheat in Saline Alkali Land in the Yellow River Delta

The study aims to explore the distribution of wheat root in mild and moderate saline alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta and analyze the coupling effect of water-fertilizer on root morphology and distribution of Wheat. The authors set four kinds of irrigation which were no irrigation, irrigation before sowing, irrigation before sowing and jointing, irrigation before sowing, jointing and seed filling, and four kinds of fertilization which were no fertilization, organic fertilizer, organic and inorganic compound fertilizer, inorganic compound fertilizer, to explore the coupling effect of water-fertilizer on root morphology and distribution of wheat of the saline soil in the Yellow River Delta. The results showed that the roots of wheat in saline alkali soil were mainly concentrated in 0-30 cm soil layer, and decreased with the deepening of soil layer. In this study, there was a significantly positive correlation of each root morphological index. Irrigation time and fertilization type had significant effects on the growth and development of wheat roots. The root vigor of wheat and root morphology treated with inorganic compound fertilizer and two-times irrigation were the best. Therefore, the distribution of wheat root in mild and moderate saline alkali soil was mainly concentrated in the top 30 cm soil in the Yellow River Delta, and jointing water and inorganic compound fertilizer could promote root development, and make good wheat root morphological structure.