种植年限对猕猴桃园土壤养分及酶活性的影响

研究种植年限对猕猴桃园土壤养分及酶活性的影响，为其科学管理提供理论依据。分层采集不同种植年限果园0~40 cm土样，测定其养分及酶活性。结果表明：（1）不同种植年限果园土壤中，有机质及碱解氮的含量均偏低，有效磷和速效钾的含量均偏高。0~10 cm土层中脲酶、蔗糖酶及纤维素酶活性随种植年限增加呈先升后降的趋势，而其在10~40 cm与种植年限负相关。酸性磷酸酶及过氧化氢酶活性与种植年限负相关。（2）同一种植年限果园土壤中脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶及酸性磷酸酶活性与土层深度负相关，过氧化氢酶活性与土层深度正相关。研究表明：土壤养分及酶活性受种植年限影响，随种植年限的增加应增施有机肥和氮肥，减施磷肥和钾肥。

Planting Age Affects Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activities in Kiwifruit Orchards

To provide a basis for the management of kiwifruit orchards, we collected soil samples from the 0-40 cm soil layer, and detected soil nutrients and enzyme activities. The results showed that: (1) the contents of organic matter and available nitrogen were at a low level, while the contents of available phosphorus and available potassium were at a high level; the activities of soil urease, invertase and cellulase increased first and then decreased at 0-10 cm soil layer as the planting age increased, while the activities of these enzymes at 10- 40 cm soil layer had a negative correlation with planting age; the activities of acid phosphorus and catalase decreased with the increase of planting age of kiwifruit orchards; (2) the activities of soil urease, invertase, cellulose, and acid phosphatase decreased with the increase of soil depth, while the activity of soil catalase increased with the increase of soil depth. The results suggest that the soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities are affected by planting age, thus, more organic and nitrogenous fertilizer and less phosphate and potassium fertilizer are needed with the increase of planting age of kiwifruit orchards.