单体附加系甜菜及空中搭载实验材料相关性状的研究

为了探明远缘杂交甜菜单体附加系M14高频传递的遗传学机理，通过胚珠分离切割、花粉败育调查和含糖量单株检测等方法，对单体附加系甜菜及空中搭载实验材料的性状进行了分析研究。研究结果验证了单体附加系甜菜M14高频传递的遗传特性存在兼性无融合生殖现象。无融合生殖体的比例达96.5%，花粉败育程度高达90%以上，大孢子母细胞通过有丝分裂形成胚囊不需要精卵结合繁育后代；有性生殖体的比例占3.5%, 有性生殖体存在致死基因的可能性。单体附加系甜菜及空中搭载的实验样品含糖量均高于普通栽培甜菜。野生白花甜菜染色体携带的高糖、抗病、无融合生殖等基因决定了远缘杂交甜菜和空中搭载实验材料具有专属的遗传学性状。研究结果为进一步开拓野生白花甜菜有益基因进行染色体工程研究奠定了良好的基础。

Studies on Correlated Characters of Monosomic Addition Lines of Sugar Beet and Aerial Experiment Material

To undersdand genetics mechanism of high frequence transfer of monosomic addition line M14, charecters of monosomic addition lines and aerial axperiment materials of beet were analyzed by means of ovule separation, pollen abortion investigation and sugar content detection method. The results showed that the facultative apomixis phenomenon was exist in monosomic addition line M14. The ratio of apomixis was 96.5%, and pollen abortion was above 90%. Blastocyst was formed through megasporocyte mitosis and sperm-egg binding was not needed for breed offspring. The ratio of zoogamy was 3.5% and sexual reproduction plants maybe exist a lethal gene. The results also showed that sugar contents of monosomic addition lines and aerial axperiment materials were higher than that of cultivated beets. The exclusive genetics charecters of distant hybridization and aerial axperiment materials of sugar beet were determined by the beta corolliflora chromosome carried with high sugar content, disease resistance as well as apomixis genes. These results will be useful for exploiting beta corolliflora beneficial genes on chromosome engineering.