减施磷肥对京郊设施番茄产量、品质及土壤有效磷的影响

目的]为了改善京郊设施番茄磷肥过量施用的现象,同时促进化肥零增长目标的实现。方法]研究在不同减施磷肥条件下对京郊设施番茄产量、品质及土壤有效磷的影响,采用田间试验的方法,试验设常规磷肥用量、减施30%磷肥、减施60%磷肥、减施100%磷肥及不施底肥(即空白)5个处理。结果]在磷肥常规用量情况下植株钾含量、土壤中的有效磷含量最高；在减施30%磷肥的条件下番茄的产量、植株和果实的氮含量、可溶性固形物含量最高,果实的硝酸盐含量最低；在减施60%磷肥的条件下植株磷含量、果实钾含量最高；在减施100%磷肥条件下果实Vc含量最高。结论]适当在农户常规磷肥的用量基础上减施30%左右不影响番茄产量和品质,反而比正常施用量条件下略有提高。

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Reduction on Yield, Quality and Soil Available Phosphorus of Greenhouse Tomato in Suburb of Beijing

To rectify the excessive application of phosphate fertilizer and achieve the goal of zero-growth of fertilizer, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphorus fertilizer reduction on yield and quality of greenhouse tomato and soil available phosphorus under different conditions, using a field test method. There were five treatments including conventional phosphorus fertilization, 30% reduction of phosphorus fertilizer, 60% reduction of phosphorus fertilizer, 100% reduction of phosphorus fertilizer and no fertilizer-applying. The results showed that soil available phosphorus content and the potassium content of plant were the highest under the conventional fertilizer condition. The N content of plant and fruit, the yield and the soluble solid content were the highest under the 30% phosphorus fertilizer reduction; the P content of plant and the K content of fruit were the highest under the 60% phosphorus fertilizer reduction; the Vc content of tomato was the highest under the 100% phosphorus fertilizer reduction. Therefore, the yield and quality of tomato were not decreased but slightly improved under suitable phosphorus fertilizer reduction.