不同土壤耕作方式对小麦旗叶光合、干物质积累及品质的影响

为探寻淮北砂姜黑土区雨养条件下最优小麦耕作播种模式，采用田间定位试验方法，研究秸秆还田+深耕、深松、旋耕、旋耕（播后不镇压）和旋耕施肥播种机复式播种作业对该区小麦旗叶光合特性和干物质积累的影响效应。结果表明，旋耕处理旗叶光合速率在孕穗期及花后20天为26.54和10.53 μmol/(m2?s)，同期旗叶的蒸腾速率也达11.17、和3.84 mmol/(m2?s )，2指标均位于各处理首位。旋耕处理叶绿素含量在花后10天位列第2，仅低于深松处理。蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值和硬度等品质指标均以旋耕处理表现突出。综合2年试验结果表明，旋耕耕作方式在小麦生长后期光和优势较强，有利于促进小麦生育后期的干物质积累，并为保持较高的灌浆率奠定了物质基础，为最终取得高产起到积极作用。

Tillage Methods: Effects on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Dry Matter Accumulation and Quality of Wheat

To know the best wheat tillage method in no irrigation and Shajiang black soil condition, a field positioning test is used under five tillage treatments, including straw returned conventional and repression (PCR), no straw returned deep scarification and repression (ASR), no straw returned rotary tillage and repression (ARR), no straw returned rotary tillage (AR), no straw returned compound drill (ACP). The results showed that the highestPn andTr were found in ARR treatment with 26.54 μmol/(m2·s) and 10.53 μmol/(m2·s), 11.17 mmol/(m2·s) and 3.84 mmol/(m2·s) in wheat flowering and 20 days after flowering. TheSPAD of ARR was in the second place among different tillage treatments in 10 days after flowering. ARR treatment had the highest protein content, wet gluten content, sedimentation value and hardness. Therefore, ARR treatment is recommended as the most appropriate tillage treatment for promoting photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter and filling rate of wheat in Huaibei area of Anhui Province, and plays a positive role in achieving high yield.