天水市板栗气候适宜性变化研究

运用天水市麦积区板栗物候调查观测资料及1971—2017 年麦积国家基本气象站实测气象资料，建立了板栗生长发育的气候适宜性评价模式，对逐年板栗各个生长发育气候适宜度动态变化进行了分析。结果表明：1971—2017 年天水市板栗气候适宜度较高为0.67，光照适宜度较高为0.74，其次是水分适宜度为0.66，温度适宜度较小为0.65。近年来，综合适宜度呈上升趋势，温度、水分适宜度在不同发育阶段变化较大，光照适宜度较高。萌芽开花阶段温度适宜度变化幅度较大，水分适宜度升高趋势明显。果实形成期水分适宜性较差，温度适宜度较大。果实成熟期温度适宜度较小，水分适宜度较高，板栗的后期生长环境条件变差趋势明显。萌芽开花期的水分条件及果实成熟期的热量条件应该为板栗建园时主要考虑的因素。

Climate Suitability of Chestnut in Tianshui

Based on chestnut’s phenology observation data and meteorological data from 1971 to 2017 at Maiji National Base Weather Station, the model for assessing the climate suitability degree of chestnut was set up. We analyzed the climate suitability of every main growth periods of chestnut. The results showed that chestnut synthesize climate suitability degree was 0.67, sunshine suitability degree was 0.74, water suitability degree was 0.66 and temperature suitability degree was 0.65 from 1971 to 2017. The synthesize climate suitability degree increased with time in recent years. The water and temperature suitability degree varied with different growth periods and sunshine suitability degree kept high value in all growth periods. The variation range of temperature suitability degree was big and water suitability degree had a rising trend in sprout and flowering period. The water suitability degree was low while temperature suitability degree was high in fruit expansion period, while the temperature suitability degree was low and the water suitability degree was high in fruit maturation period, the environment condition of growth for chestnut become more unsuitable. We suggested that water supplying in sprout and flowering period and heat resource in maturation period should be considered in building chestnut orchard.