中国橡胶树主栽品系和部分种质对尖孢炭疽病的室内抗性评价

橡胶炭疽病是橡胶树重要的叶部病害之一，已成为影响天然橡胶产量的主要限制因素。我国对橡胶树炭疽病病原物鉴定结果一直为胶孢炭疽(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides），直到2008年在云南首次发现危害我国橡胶树的炭疽菌有尖孢炭疽(Colletotrichum acutatum）。针对我国对于尖孢炭疽病研究甚少的现状，研究组对从广东、云南、海南分离得到的橡胶树尖孢炭疽病菌菌株进行了致病性测定，并用菌丝体接种鉴定方法对国内橡胶树主要种质和品系进行抗尖孢炭疽病评价。结果发现，在供试的91个种质中，有抗病种质6个(占总数的6.6 %)、轻感病种质57个(占总数的62.6 %)、易感病种质28个(占总数的29.8 %)；在18个国内主推品种的抗病性评价中发现抗病品种4个(占总数的22 %)、轻感病品种11个(占总数的63 %)、易感病品种1个(占总数的5.6 %)。SAS统计分析结果表明，不同种质或品种对尖孢炭疽病的抗性水平存在明显差异；在α=0.05水平上，抗病种质或品种与轻感病种质或品种及易感病种质或品种间的差异达到显著水平。

Resistance Identification of Main Rubber Cultivars and Some Rubber Germplasm in China to Colletotrichum acutatum in Laboratory

Rubber anthracnose, one of leaf diseases infecting rubber trees, has emerged as a major constraint to natural rubber production in recent years. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides had been reported as the only pathogen of the anthracnose in China for years, and Colletotrichum acutatum was first identified as a causal agent of rubber anthracnose in Yunnan Province in 2008. There are few reports about the pathogen in China. In this context C. acutatum was sampled from Guangdong, Yunnan and Hainan for detection of its pathogenicity in laboratory and then inoculated with its mycelia to major Hevea germplasm and clones in China for resistance assessment. Ninety one accessions of the germplasm and 18 clones were collected from the National Rubber Tree Nursery and inoculated with C. acutatum by leaf puncture bioassay. Of the 91 accessions, 6(6.6 %) were resistant to C. acutatum, 57(62.6 %) slightly disease-susceptible and 28(29.8 %) susceptible; of the 18 clones, 4(22 %) were resistant, 11(63 %) slightly susceptible and 1(5.6 %) susceptible. The SAS analysis results showed different accessions of germplasm or clones were significantly different in their resistance to C. acutatum and that there was a highly significant difference at the level of 0.05 between the resistant and the slightly susceptible germplasm orclones.