玉米秸秆还田条件下氮肥前移培肥增产效果初探

针对黄土高原地区秸秆还田氮肥施用不合理这一实际问题,于2019年在内蒙古清水河县进行秸秆还田与氮肥运筹小区试验,探究氮肥习惯施用(FN)、氮肥习惯施用配合秸秆还田(FNS)、氮肥高量施用配合秸秆还田(HNS)、氮肥后肥前移施用(RN)、氮肥后肥前移施用配合秸秆还田(RNS)下土壤养分及作物产量变化规律。结果表明：秸秆还田结合氮肥提高了土壤有机质含量,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量显著增加,尤以RNS和HNS提升效果最佳；在产量方面,秸秆不还田条件下,氮肥后肥前移施用RN较氮肥习惯施用FN有所下降,但未达到显著差异水平,秸秆还田处理FNS、HNS、RNS较对照FN籽粒和茎秆产量分别提高5.30%、10.93%、11.41%和8.55%、13.80%、10.55% ,各处理氮肥偏生产力大小顺序为RNS＞FNS＞RN＞FN＞HNS,以RNS处理氮肥偏生产力最高。综上所述,秸秆还田结合氮肥可培肥土壤和提高作物产量,氮肥后肥前移配合秸秆还田措施效果最好,可作为一种节本增产增效栽培技术模式在内蒙古黄土高原推广应用。

A preliminary study on the yield-increasing effect of nitrogen fertilizer under the condition of returning corn straw to the field

In view of the practical problem of unreasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer for straw returning to the field in the Loess Plateau, a plot experiment on straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer operation was carried out in Qingshuihe County, Inner Mongolia in 2019. The purpose of this study was to explore the changes of soil nutrients and crop yield under the habitual application of nitrogen fertilizer (FN), the habitual application of nitrogen fertilizer combined with straw returning (FNS), the high amount of nitrogen fertilizer combined with straw returning (HNS), the forward application of nitrogen fertilizer after nitrogen application, and the forward application of nitrogen fertilizer combined with straw returning (RNS). The results showed that straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer increased the content of soil organic matter, soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium significantly, especially RNS and HNS.In terms of yield, under the condition of no straw returning to the field, the former application of RN after nitrogen fertilizer decreased compared with the habitual application of nitrogen fertilizer FN, but did not reach the level of significant difference, The grain and stem yield of straw returning treatment FNS, HNS and RNS increased by 5.30%, 10.93%, 11.41% and 8.55%, 13.80%, 10.55% respectively compared with the control FN. The order of nitrogen partial productivity of each treatment was RNS > FNS > RN > FN > HNS, and the nitrogen partial productivity of RNS treatment was the highest.To sum up, straw returning combined with nitrogen fertilizer can fertilize the soil and increase crop yield, and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer moving forward combined with straw returning is the best, which can be popularized and applied as a cost-saving, yield-increasing and efficiency-increasing cultivation model in the Loess Plateau of Inner Mongolia.