淮河江苏段鱼类群落结构特征

根据2016—2018年的调查数据,对淮河江苏段鱼类群落结构和多样性进行了研究。共调查到鱼类56种,隶属于7目14科42属,其中鲤形目鱼类最多,占总种类数的66.07%。刀鲚(Coilia nasus)、翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、大鳍鱊(Acheilognathus macropterus)和兴凯鱊(Acheilognathus chankaensis)分别为冬季、夏季、秋季和春季的第一优势种。刺网和地笼的年CPUE均值分别为(1190.15±220.28)g/(net·d)和(74.87±12.96)g/(net·d)。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef种类丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数分别为2.88～3.85、2.75～4.74和0.74～0.81。丰度/生物量曲线表明,冬季、夏季和秋季鱼类群落处于中度干扰状态,春季群落处于严重干扰状态。聚类分析结果表明,各季节淮河江苏段不同区域的鱼类群落相似性均低于57.02%。SIMPER相似性百分比分析结果也表明,盱眙断面和金湖断面不同季节的鱼类群落组成平均相似性仅为41.85%和36.23%,而盱眙断面和金湖断面平均相异性达到了71.21%。

Characteristics of the fish community structure in Jiangsu reach of the Huaihe River

A field survey of the fishes in Jiangsu reach of the Huaihe River was performed from 2016 to 2018, during which the fish community structure and diversity were analyzed. In total, 56 species were collected, belonging to 42 genera, 14 families, and 7 orders. Cypriniformes had the largest number of species, accounting for 66.07% of the total species captured. Coilia nasus, Culter alburnus, Acheilognathus macropterus, and A. chankaensis were the first dominant species in winter, summer, autumn, and spring, respectively. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) using gill and cage nets was (1190.15±220.28) and (74.87±12.96) g/(net·d), respectively. The ranges of the Shannon-wiener index (H), Margayef index (d), and Pielou index (J) values were 2.88-3.85, 2.75-4.74, and 0.74-0.81, respectively. Abundance-biomass curves (ABC) of the fish community indicated that the community was seriously disturbed during spring, and moderately disturbed during the other seasons. Cluster analysis showed that similarities were low (below 57.02%) in different seasons and sections. Similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER) verified this conclusion, showing that the average similarities between the fish community structures in Xuyi and Jinhu were only 41.85% and 36.23%, respectively, while the average dissimilarity was up to 71.21%.