西北春小麦和麦田土壤中15种常用农药残留的检测

为掌握西北春小麦和麦田土壤的农药残留污染状况,在调研和总结分析了西北春小麦的病、虫、草害发生和防治措施基础上,采集了我国西北地区甘肃、青海、宁夏的9个春小麦产区的小麦籽粒和麦田土壤样品。针对春小麦病虫草害防治中常用的农药,使用HPLC-MS/MS和GC-MS方法,测定了吡虫啉、高效氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、毒死蜱等4种杀虫剂,三唑酮及其代谢物三唑醇、戊唑醇、多菌灵、三环唑、苯醚甲环唑等6种杀菌剂,精噁唑禾草灵、苯磺隆、2,4-滴丁酯、炔草酯及其代谢物炔草酸等5种除草剂,共15种农药及代谢物在小麦籽粒和麦田土壤中的残留量。通过与小麦中农药残留限量相比较,评价了西北春小麦的食品安全。结果显示,仅在采自甘肃金昌的小麦籽粒样品中检出了戊唑醇,且未超过最大残留限量,在其他样品中均未检出15种农药的残留,表明西北春小麦和麦田土壤的农药安全性均较高。本研究为掌握小麦籽粒的农药残留和麦田土壤的农药污染情况提供了研究数据,为进一步指导西北春小麦的绿色无公害病虫害防治提供了参考。

Determination of residues from 15 pesticides in wheat and soil from spring wheat fields in Northwest China

To clarify the pesticide residues and food safety of spring wheat and the pollution of pesticide residues in wheat field soil in Northwest China, nine samples of wheat and nine soil samples were collected from spring wheat fields in Northwest China, including Gansu province, Qinghai province, and Ningxia Hui autonomous region. On the basis of survey and summary of the occurence characteristics of diseases, pest insects and weeds in northwest spring wheat production and the control strategies used, the residues from 15 commonly used pesticides, including 4 insecticides (imidacloprid, beta-cypermethrin, phoxim and chlorpyrifos), 6 fungicides (triadimefon and its metabolite triadimend, tebuconazole, carbendazim, tricyclazol and difenoconazole), and 5 herbicides (fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, tribenuron-methyl, 2, 4-D butyl ester, clodinafop-propargyl and its metabolite clodinafop), were quantified for the collected wheat samples and soil samples by using HPLC-MS/MS and GC-MS. By comparing the detected pesticide residues in wheat samples with the MRL values, the food safety of spring wheat in Northwest China was evaluated. Moreover, the pesticide pollution of soil in wheat fields was also detected and discussed. The results showed that, except tebuconazole was detected only in the wheat grain sample collected from Jinchang, Gansu, and not exceeding the maximum residue limit, no residues of the other pesticides were detected in all other samples. This indicated that the pesticide safety of spring wheat grain and wheat field soil in Northwest China was high. All these data provide a basis for clarifying the food safety of spring wheat and the pesticide residue status of wheat soil in Northwest China, and also supply a reference for guiding the production of green and pesticide pollution-free spring wheat in Northwest China.