基于地标点几何形态测量法识别北部湾4种白姑鱼矢耳石形态

利用2010 年4 月至2010 年10月采自北部湾海域的49尾截尾白姑鱼(Pennahia anea)、50尾大头白姑鱼(P. macrocephalus)、49尾斑鳍白姑鱼(P. pawak )和29 尾白姑鱼(P．argentata)矢耳石样本, 运用基于地标点法的几何形态测量学方法研究了4种鱼类矢耳石形态识别问题。耳石经图像处理后提取地标点坐标值, 进行相对扭曲主成分分析, 通过判别分析来区分4种白姑鱼的耳石, 利用薄板样条分析和网格变形将耳石形态变异矢量可视化。结果表明, 在相对扭曲主成分分析中, 第1、2、3主成分分别解释了总变异的46.57%、25.39%和10.02%, 降维效果较好。其中Ⅰ型地标点6、7, Ⅱ型地标点5、8, 贡献作用较大, 解释了主要形态变异, 表明白姑鱼属的矢耳石形态差异主要表现在听沟“蝌蚪纹”的颈部、头宽部和尾部。逐步判别分析和交互验证结果显示, 截尾白姑鱼、大头白姑鱼和斑鳍白姑鱼的区分效果明显, 判别成功率在81.6%~100%, 白姑鱼区分效果不明显, 判别成功率为58.6%。研究结果表明, 利用石首鱼科特有的“蝌蚪纹”形态进行4种白姑鱼矢耳石种类识别, 存在一定的错判风险, 需要在相关耳石形态学研究与摄食生态学应用中引起注意。本研究以北部湾4种白姑鱼属鱼类矢耳石为例, 利用二维图像分析技术, 检验基于地标法的几何形态测量学方法在4种白姑鱼耳石形态变异和耳石识别应用上的适宜性, 以及听沟“蝌蚪纹”等主要形态特征在白姑鱼属种类识别的有效性, 以期为进一步开展耳石形态学在石首鱼科种类鉴定与系统进化、摄食生态学和渔业群体识别中的应用提供参考和科学依据。

Using landmark-based geometric morphometrics analysis to identify sagittal otolith of four Pennahia fish species

investigated in sagittal otoliths using landmark-based method among four sympatric speciesPennahia: =50), =49) and .The Beibu Gulf from April 2010 to October 2010. Landmark coordinate values were extracted after otolith digitized by image processing and relative warp principal component (RW), thin plate spline analysis and grad distortion. The 12 RW were then identified using discrimination analysis to differentiate the otoliths of fourspecies. RW accounted forlandmarks 5 and 8 had important contributions, and could explain the most variation. The most morphological variation were displayed in neck, head width pole, and tail of tadpole-shaped sulcus. The gradual discrimination analysis and cross validation indicated that , average exactitude distinguish ratios of 81.6%~100%, while indicating that it contained a potential risk by using the morphology of tadpole-shaped impression owned by species. It is necessary to notice this problem in the related otolith morphology research and application in feeding ecology.