玉米苗期病害诊断与防治技术研究

采用常规的方法对玉米苗期病害发生进行了诊断及防治技术研究。结果表明：玉米苗期病害可初步分为侵染性和非侵染性病害。侵染性病害主要是由病原菌侵入引起,符合KOCH法则的病原菌主要有禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)、串珠镰孢菌(Fusarium moniliforme)、玉米圆斑离蠕孢菌(Helminthosporium carbonum)、立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、串珠镰孢菌胶孢变种(F．moniliforme var．subglutinans)和丝轴团散黑粉菌Sporisorium reilianum(Ku Hn)Landon et Full]及玉米假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas zeae Hsia et Fang)。非侵染性病害主要包括缺素症、环境胁迫和药害等因素引起的病害。使用克百威、福美双、三唑醇和戊唑醇复配的二元或三元种衣剂,可以有效地控制玉米苗期病虫害和丝黑穗病的发生与危害。

Study on the Techniques of Diagnosing and Controlling Corn Seedling Diseases

The techniques of diagnosing and controlling corn seedling diseases were studied in the fields and greenhouses by artificial inoculation and marked plant investigation. The results showed that corn seedling diseases can be divided into infective diseases and non-infective diseases.The infective diseases are caused by Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium moniliforme, Helminthosporium carbonum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium var. subglutinans, Sporisorium relianum (Ku Hn)Landon et Full and Pseudomonas zeae Hsia et Fang . Non-infective diseases includes symptoms influenced by nutrition deficiency, symptoms influenced by environment and chemical burn etc. Corn seedling diseases and head smut can be controlled by seed coating with thiram, triadimenol or tebuconazole and carbofuran.