北京农区玉米蜘蛛群落结构特征及影响因素研究

蜘蛛是重要的捕食性天敌,为了研究玉米生境中蜘蛛群落的结构及影响种群变化的气候因素,调查了北京大兴农区玉米生境中蜘蛛的种群数量。结果表明:研究地区玉米生境中共采集蜘蛛标本884头,隶属于8科17属21种,星豹蛛(Pardosa astrigera L.koch)为优势种。通过多样性指数(H′)、均匀度(E)、优势度(C)、丰富度(S)、总个体数(N)等指标对玉米生境蜘蛛群落结构进行初步分析得出结论:群落多样性指数与均匀度变化趋势相同,但是H′变化范围较大,只有在9月26日高于1.5,其它时间均低于1.5,群落的稳定性较差。通过SPSS软件进行回归分析可知,蜘蛛种群的数量与调查当日的湿度没有明显线性关系,蜘蛛种群数量的自然对数与调查当日的平均温度之间存在显著的线性关系。

Study on the Community Structure and Influencing Factors of Spider in Maize Field in Beijing

To study the community structure of spiders which is main predator in maize field and the climate factors which influence the spider population,the number of the spiders in maize field of Beijing Daxing Farming area was investigated.The results showed 884individuals were collected,which belonging to 8families,17genera and 21species,the dominant spider specie was Pardosa astrigera L.koch.The structure characteristics of spider community were analyzed by diversity index H′,evenness E,dominance C,richness S,total individual numbers N,It concluded that the community diversity index and evenness change trend were the same,but H′ change range was very large,only the value of September 26th was greater than 1.5,others were all less than 1.5,the stability of the community was poor.The regression analysis by SPSS showed that there was no evident linear relationship between community population and the humidity of the investigated day,there was significant linear relationship between natural logarithm of spider community population and average temperature of the investigated day.