东乡野生稻遗传资源的保护及其在育种上的利用

野生稻是水稻育种的重要遗传资源。东乡野生稻是普通野生稻的一种。由于人类的经济活动，导致东乡野生稻生境丧失，生境质量持续恶化，栖息地越来越少及外来种的入侵。对东乡野生稻的保护措施主要有就地保护（原地保护或原位保护）和迁地保护（易地保护或异位保护）。东乡野生稻具有许多优良特性，如特强的耐冷性，耐旱性，耐瘠性，抗病虫害，特强的再生性，广亲和性，胞质雄性不育基因及恢复性等。有些优良特性已被用于水稻常规育种和杂交育种中，并取得了巨大的社会效益和经济效益。有些优良特性还有待进一步的开发利用。

Conservation of Dongxiang Wild Rice(Oryza rufipogon Griff.) Genetic Resources and Their Utilization in Breeding

Wild rice species are the important genetic resources in rice breeding.Dongxiang wild rice(Oryza rufipogon Griff.) is one of the species of the wild rice(Oryza rufipogon) resources.It is the economic activities that led to the loss of habitat,continuous deterioration of habitat quality,sustained reduction of habitat and invasion of exotic species.At present,some measures have been taken to protect wild rice,such as in situ conservation(on-site maintenance) and ex situ conservation(off-site maintenance).Dongxiang wild rice possesses many excellent characteristics,such as extreme cold tolerance,drought tolerance,endurance to poor soil,resistance to diseases and pests,strong regenerating capability,wide compatibility,cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) and restoring capability.Some of these characteristics have been used in conventional rice breeding and hybrid rice breeding,and huge social and economic benefits have been achieved. Some other good characteristics need further study for utilization.