基于地形特征分异的土地利用分布研究--以珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区为例

为了协调地形特征显著区域的土地利用与生态保护活动,以珠穆朗玛峰国家级自然保护区为例,利用DEM和Landsat OLI数据,研究土地利用在高程、坡度和地形位级上的分布指数,并构建土地利用垂直带谱,进而分析了研究区2017年基于地形特征分异的土地利用分布特点和规律。结果表明:各高程级上地类表现出垂直分布规律,由低到高各主导地类表现为林地、耕地、建设用地-耕地、水域、建设用地-草地、水域、裸地-草地、裸地、冰川及永久积雪-冰川及永久积雪;各坡度级上地类分布较为复杂,随坡度级升高,分布着耕地、水域、建设用地-耕地、草地、裸地、建设用地-耕地、草地、林地、裸地、冰川及永久积雪、建设用地-草地、林地、裸地、冰川及永久积雪-草地、林地、冰川及永久积雪;各地形位级的地类分布呈现出层级性,随地形位级增加,主导地类基本分布规律为水域-耕地、建设用地-耕地、草地、裸地-林地、草地、冰川及永久积雪-林地、冰川及永久积雪。研究区土地利用受地形因子影响较大,不同地形级别上的土地利用以自然地类为主导,分布格局相对稳定,但高原土地利用活动对土地利用结构的形成也产生着深远影响。

Research on Land Use Distribution Based on Topographic Differentiation-A Case Study of Qomolangma National Nature Reserve

In order to coordinate land use and ecological protection in areas with remarkable topographic characteristics,the Qomolangma National Nature Reserve was taken as a case,the land use distribution indexes in regard of elevation,slope,and terrain niche in the study area were analyzed by using DEM and Landsat OLI data.Meanwhile,the vertical zonation of land use in the study area was constructed for further identifying the characteristics and patterns of land use distribution in 2017 based on the differentiation of topographic features.The results are demonstrated as follows.The distribution of land types changing showed obvious vertical belts.The dominant land types from low elevation to high elevation were forestland,cultivated land,construction land-cultivated land,water,construction land-grassland,water,bare land-grasslands,bare land,glaciers and permanent snow cover-glaciers and permanent snow cover;the distribution of land types with different slope showed complex distribution patterns.As the slope gradient increases,it presents combining patterns of cultivated land,water,construction land-cultivated land,grassland,bare land,construction land-cultivated land,grassland,woodland,bare land,glaciers and permanent snow cover,construction land-grassland,woodland,bare land,glacier and permanent snow cover-grassland,woodland,glacier and permanent snow cover;the distribution of land types presents gradability at various terrain niches.As the terrain niche gradient increases,the major distribution patterns of the dominant land types are water-cultivated land,construction land-cultivated land,grassland,bare land-woodland,grassland,glaciers and permanent snow cover-woodland,glaciers and permanent snow cover.The land use in the study area is greatly affected by topographical factors,and the natural land type is dominant at different topographic levels,and the distribution pattern is relatively stable.However,plateau land-use activities also have the profound impact on the formation of the land use structure.