抗除草剂转基因水稻的研究进展及其安全性问题

近年来，抗除草剂转基因作物的研究取得了一些进展。本文简述了抗除草剂转基因作物的发展历史以及除草剂的作用机理，分别介绍了抗EPSPS抑制剂基因、抗ALS抑制剂基因、乙酰CoA转移酶基因、阿特拉津氯水解酶基因、细胞色素P450基因和原卟啉原氧化酶基因这6类抗除草剂基因的来源，抗性机理以及目前它们在转基因水稻上的应用。最后，对转基因水稻的食用安全性，转基因释放、飘移对生态的影响进行了探讨，并对转基因水稻的未来发展进行了展望。

Research Progress on Herbicide Resistant Transgenic Rice and its Safety Issues

The progress has been made in the research on herbicide resistant transgenic rice in recent years.The history of herbicide resistant transgenic crops and the mechanism of the herbicides were briefly introduced in this paper.Then,we reviewed the origin,mechanism of herbicide resistance and application on transgenic rice of six types of the herbicide resistant genes respectively:EPSPS inhibitor resistant gene,ALS inhibitor resistant gene,acetyl CoA transferase gene,atrazine chlorohydrolase gene,cytochrome P450 gene,and protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene.Finally,we discussed the edible safety of transgenic rice,the ecological impact of transgenic release and gene flow,as well as the future prospects of transgenic rice.