报酬递减律与合理施肥

报酬递减律长期以来,不仅在农业经济学界,而且在农业化学界,一直受到批判,被视为禁区。为了重新评价这一对合理施肥具有指导意义的理论问题,本文就作物产量与施肥量之间的关系,论述了在连续递增施肥剂量的情况下,所出现的直线、曲线和抛物线等三种肥料效应模式,同时指出,在其他技术条件不变的前提下,随着施肥量的递增达到一定数量以后,必然会出现报酬递减现象。作者介绍了作为经济法则的报酬递减律和作为施肥理论的米采利希学说的实际意义,从而说明报酬递减现象的客观存在。为了说明报酬递减律与合理施肥的关系,作者运用边际理论论证了肥料效应的三个阶段,进一步阐明了获得最高产量的施肥量并不是经济最佳施肥量。作者强调指出,在施肥实践中,必须承认报酬递减律,讲求施肥的经济效益,才能克服施肥的盲目性,使有限的肥料发挥最大的经济效益,从而把科学施肥水平大大提高一步。

THE RATIONAL APPLICATION OF FERTILIZER AND THE LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURN

In the early fifties the law of diminishing return was severely criticized by agricultural economists because of its relation to Malthus' theory of population.As the equation of the law of diminishing return is quite similar to that of Mitscherlich,so Mitscherlish's theory was also opposed and criticized by some agricultural chemists. During that period of time nitrogenous material was the only fertilizer used with small doses at first and the crop yield increased proportionally,following almost a straight ...