中国普通野生稻初级核心种质取样策略

以国家品种资源库编目入库的中国普通野生稻种质5571份为材料、19个分类和形态性状的数据比较研究了中国普通野生稻的核心种质总体取样比例和取样策略，以获得最佳初级核心种质。设3个总体取样比例5％、15％和25％，取样方案分3个层次即分组原则、组内取样比例和组内取样方法。分组原则为省、纬度、生长习性和单一性状及不分组的大随机；组内取样比例为对数法、平方根法、遗传多样性指数和简单比例法；组内取样采用随机和聚类2种方法。结果表明，当总体取样比例从5％增加到15％时，所取得核心种质的表型保留比例有比较大的增幅，而比例由15％增加到25％时，表型保留比例变化不大，因此认为15％的取样比例较为合适；取样方案以采集省份分组，组内以对数比例法聚类取样效果最好。最终根据这一方案在计算机上编程取样860份，其多样性指数为1．1015、变异系数为16．87，表型方差为0．8546。3个检测参数值比原始种质库都有明显的提高。此外，根据国家种质资源库表型数据人工定向取样60份，建立了920份材料的中国普通野生稻初级核心种质。

Sampling strategy of primary core collection of common wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) in China

Tactics of three level of overall sampling ratios (5%, 15% and 25%) from the whole collection is abopted in order to acquire optimal primary core collection of common wild rice (Oryza ryfipogon Griff.) were studied, using 5 571 accessions from the national genebank, Which are classified as 19 types based on agronomic and morphological characters. The three levels are grouping principle, sampling proportion within group and sampling method from each group. Grouping principles included the consideration of differeat provinces, latitudes, growth habits, single character and completely random sampling without grouping. Method of sampling proportion in each group are square root, logarithm, index of genetic diversity and fixed proportion. Clustered and random samplings are carried out in each group. The result showed that retained ratio of phenotypic retained had a notable increase when the overall sampling ratio increased from 5% to 15%, whereas, the ratio of phenotypic core collections has considerably has a little increase when the overall sampling ratio increased from 15% to 25%. It is concluded that 15% should be the appropriate overall sampling ratio for primary core collection of common wild rice in China. The best sampling strategies should be based on a principle grouped by provinces, as well as sampling proportion within group based on logarithm and cluster sampling method. Based on this scheme, 860 accessions of common wild rice are sampled by computer as primary core collection. The index of genetic diversity, coefficient of variation, variance of phenotypic value are 1.101 5,16.87,0.854 6,respectively. Compared with the counterparts of national genebank, these parameters of primary core collections are all increased significantly. Furthermore, based on phenotypic data from national genebank, 60 accessions are also supplemented for application oriented. Finally, total 920 accessions of primary core collection are set up.