乌鲁木齐市蔬菜地土壤动物群落结构特征的初步研究

目的]对乌鲁木齐市5、10、15和20年蔬菜地及玉米田土壤动物进行调查研究,查明该区不同种植年限菜地土壤动物群落结构特征及其季节动态变化规律.方法]采用群落多样性指标、组间聚类及多维度排序分析法,对不同菜地土壤动物群落多样性特征分析.结果]共捕获到土壤动物3 957头,隶属于6门16纲34目,其中弹尾目(44.45;)及真螨目(13.82;)为优势种群,这二类占采集总捕获量的58.27;,而寄螨目(7.33 ;)、三肠目(6.7;)、蛭态目(3.39;)、垫刃目(3.36;)、膜翅目(1.67;)、后孔寡毛目(2.3;)、近孔寡毛目(1.34;)、鞘翅目成虫(2.5;)、等足目(1.06;)及鞘翅目幼虫(2.27;)等10类群为常见类群占总捕获量的31.92;;其余的22类土壤动物均属稀有类群,占总捕获量的9.85;.对不同种植类型蔬菜地Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)分析表明:5 a菜地＞20 a菜地＞玉米田＞10 a菜地＞15 a菜地,而Simpson优势度指数(C)表现为15 a菜地＞10 a菜地＞20 a菜地＞玉米田＞5 a菜地.垂直分布分析表明蔬菜地土壤动物具有明显的表聚性,且0～5 cm＞5～10 cm＞10～15 cm＞15～20 cm,类群数的季节动态分布不太明显(P＜0.05),但个体数的季节动态分布已达到显著差异(P＞0.05),在秋季土壤动物数量有增加.组间聚类和排序结果表明,将5种不同种植蔬菜地类生境分为3大类型.结论]5种不同种植类型蔬菜地土壤动物群落结构及多样性均有不同,反应了菜地土壤动物对不同土地利用方式的响应.

Preliminary Study on the Characteristics of Community Structure of Soil Animals in Vegetable Field of Urumqi City

Objective]The soil animal communities diversity and seasonal dynamics were investigated in the five different vegetable fields (5 a,10 a,15 a,20 a and corn field)from the April,July to September in Urumqi of Xinjiang.Method]Analysis of the community structure indices were conducted to use the community diversity indices,hierarchical cluster and MDS methods.Result]The results showed that a total of 3957 individuals belonging to 6 phyla,16 classes and 34 orders (groups) of soil animals were collected respectively,among which Collembola(44.45%) and Acariformes (13.82%) were the dominant groups of soil fauna,and they accounted for 58.27% of the total individuals collected,while Parasiformes(7.33 %),Tricladida(6.7%),Bdelloidea(3.39%),Tylenchida(3.36%),Hymenoptera(1.67%),Oligochaeta opisthopora(2.3%),Oligochaeta plesiopora(1.34%),Coleoptera(2.5%),Isopoda(1.06% and Coleoptera larvae(2.27%)were common groups,and these 10 groups accounted for 31.92% of the total individuals collected,the others belong to rare groups which accounted for 9.85% of the total individuals.As for the vertical distribution,all vegetable fields had an obvious surface aggregation of soil animals:0-5 cm >5-10 cm >10-15 cm>15-20 cm.However,there was no significant difference in the group numbers of soil animals among the five different vegetable fields(P<0.05),but there was significant differences in the number of individuals(P>0.05).The seasonal dynamics of soil animal is higher in September than others.The results were analyzed using diversity indices indicated that the sequence of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) of soil animal communities was 5 a vegetable field >20 a vegetable field >corn field >10 a vegetable field>15 a vegetable field,Simpson dominance index(C) was 15 a vegetable field >10 a vegetable field >20 a vegetable field > corn field > 5 a vegetable field.The cluster result of soil animal community could be classified into 3 types.Conclusion]The results indicated that the community structure and diversity of soil animals were different in five different vegetable fields,and they positively response to the different land use types (habitats).