不同耕作模式对山西旱塬区高粱产量和水分利用效率的影响

旨在探讨耕作方式对山西旱塬区土壤水分、高粱产量及水分利用效率的影响，为旱作高粱高产栽培提供理论依据。采用田间试验，设置传统耕作、免耕、秋旋耕、秋深松、秋深耕+旋耕和春深耕+旋耕6 种耕作模式，研究不同处理对土壤水分、高粱产量及水分利用效率的影响。随着生育期的推进，播前土壤蓄水量和耗水量均以秋深耕+旋耕模式最高。与传统耕作和免耕模式相比，秋深耕+旋耕模式显著提高高粱产量，增产幅度分别47%和36.7%；显著提高水分利用效率，增加幅度分别达36.8%和25.5%；显著增加千粒重，增加幅度分别达16.5%和14.0%；显著增加枝梗数，增加幅度分别达22.2%和28.2%；显著增长高粱穗长，增长幅度分别达19.0%和21.2%。秋深耕+旋耕模式是本试验条件下的最优耕作模式，可作为山西旱塬区高粱生产适宜的耕作模式。

Tillage Patterns of Sorghum in Dryland Plateau of Shanxi: Effects on Yield and Water Use Efficiency

The study is to explore the effects of tillage methods on soil moisture, sorghum yield and water use efficiency in arid area of Shanxi Province, and provide reference for high-yield cultivation of dry sorghum. A field experiment was conducted, and six tillage modes were set up, including traditional tillage, no-tillage, autumn rotary tillage, autumn deep loosening, autumn deep tillage +rotary tillage and spring deep tillage + rotary tillage. With the advance of the growth period, soil water storage content and water consumption content before sowing was the highest under autumn deep tillage +rotary tillage. Compared with the traditional tillage and no- tillage mode, the mode of autumn deep tillage + rotary tillage significantly increased the yield of sorghum, and the yield increased by 47% and 36.7%, respectively, the water use efficiency was significantly increased by 36.8% and 25.5%, respectively, the 1000-grain weight was obviously increased with a rate of 16.5% and 14.0%, respectively, the number of branches was increased with a rate of 22.2% and 28.2%, respectively, and the spike length of sorghum was improved by a rate of 19.0% and 21.2%, respectively. Theautumn deep tillage +rotary tillage mode is the best tillage mode under the experimental condition, and it could be used as a suitable tillage mode for sorghum production in dryland plateau of Shanxi Province.