不同耕作方式对小麦田杂草发生规律及产量的影响

为了摸清新型耕作模式下四川小麦田杂草发生规律及防除方法，通过以传统翻耕为对照，连续5年定田定点研究了不同耕作方式对小麦田杂草发生规律及产量的影响，结果表明：不同耕作方式下，小麦田杂草种类基本相同。免耕不覆盖处理的杂草数量最多，翻耕次之，免耕覆盖稻草最少。小麦田杂草有2个出苗高峰：小麦播后2~3周有一个大的出苗高峰；播后6~7周有一个小高峰。不同耕作方式下杂草对小麦株高和分蘖无明显影响；免耕覆盖稻草与翻耕处理的小麦产量相当，且均明显高于免耕不覆盖处理。说明免耕覆盖稻草既可以显著降低杂草发生数量和为害，同时又可以明显增加小麦产量，应用前景广阔。

Tillage Methods Affecting Weed Occurrence Regularity and Yield of Wheat

To find out weed occurrence regularity and control methods in wheat field in Sichuan Province under new tillage methods, the traditional tillage was used as the control, the effects of different tillage methods on weed occurrence regularity and yield were studied in the fixed field and spots for five consecutive years. The results showed that weed species in wheat field were basically the same with different tillage methods. The number of weeds was the highest with no-tillage without mulch, followed by tillage, and no-tillage with straw covering was the least. There were two peaks of weed emergence in wheat field, the big peak appeared 2-3 weeks after wheat sowing and the small peak appeared 6-7 weeks after wheat sowing. Effects of weeds on plant height and tillering were not obvious with different tillage methods. The no-tillage with straw covering and tillage obtained the similar yield of wheat, which was higher than that of no-tillage without mulch. The results indicate that no-tillage with straw covering can both significantly reduce the occurrence and damage of weeds, and increase yield of wheat, so it has a wide application prospect.