不同基质对控根容器下苹果大苗生长和光合作用的影响

以控根容器为育苗容器,以植物秸杆、园土、草炭土、珍珠岩、牛粪为材料配制出13种栽培基质,以园土为对照研究不同栽培基质对2年生苹果大苗生长、根系发生和生长、叶片光合作用的影响。研究结果表明：13 种不同栽培基质的苹果幼苗苗高、茎粗、新梢长、新梢粗、地上部干物质重及根系发育情况都优于对照,叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度也高于对照,根冠比、根平均直径和水分利用效率则低于对照。研究认为6和7号两种基质栽培的苹果大苗地上部分生长、根系发生和生长、叶片光合作用明显优于其它配方下的苗木,以上结果表明6号和7号基质符合苹果幼树生长发育过程中对养分的需求,特别是7号基质(园土：玉米秸杆：牛粪：珍珠岩=2:3:1:1)更为经济实用,是培育苹果大苗的优良栽培基质。

Effects of Different Mediums on Growth and Photosynthesis of Apple Seedlings in Root-Controlling Containers

Root-controlling containers are used to cultivate seedlings in this research, and 13 mediums made from plant straw, orchard soil, peat soil, perlite and cow dung are added in the containers. Effects of different mediums on growth, rooting and leaf photosynthesis of 2-year-old apple seedlings are studied compared with seedlings with orchard soil. Results showed that the seedling height, stem diameter, length and diameter of new shoots, dry matter weight of the aerial part and root development of seedlings grown in the 13 mediums were all better than those of the control. Furthermore, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration were also higher than those of the control. On the other hand, the rootshoot ratio, the average diameter of root and the water use efficiency were lower than those of the control. It was also found that the aerial part growth, rooting and root growth, as well as leaf photosynthesis of seedlings grown in medium No.6 (orchard soil: peat soil: cow dung: perlite=2:3:1:1) and No.7 (orchard soil: corn straw: cow dung: perlite=2:3:1:1) were obviously better than those of seedlings grown in other mediums. All the above results reveal that medium No.6 and No.7 could meet the nutrient requirement of young apple trees during growth and development. In particular, medium No.7 is more economical and practical, which can be used as an excellent culture substrate for apple seedlings.