引入的美国小麦种质主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析

旨在筛选适宜的小麦杂交亲本。以2015年引入的51份美国小麦种质为试验材料,研究了4个质量性状的频率分布与遗传多样性,分析了9个主要农艺性状间的相关性、遗传多样性,并以农艺性状为指标,对51份小麦种质进行了聚类分析。参试小麦种质的株型以直立型为主,穗型以纺锤形为主,芒型以长芒为主,旗叶以下披型为主。产量与有效穗数(0.472**)极显著正相关,与千粒重(0.340*)显著正相关。9个主要农艺性状间的差异性较大,各性状的变异系数除容重(1.71%)外,均超过了5%,以不孕小穗(55.21%)为最大,参试种质的遗传多样性丰富。Ward法聚类将51份种质分为了4类,其中第1类群10份种质的千粒重(40.31 g)、有效穗数(656.74万/hm~2)、产量(8718.63 kg/hm~2)是4个类群中最高,可作为重点亲本利用,其余种质可依据类群特征作为改良某一性状的中间材料利用。

Genetic Diversity of Main Agronomic Characters of Wheat Germplasm Introduced from America

To screen the suitable cross parents of wheat, 51 accessions American wheat germplasms introduced in 2015 were used as experimental materials. The frequency distribution and genetic diversity of four qualitative traits were studied. The correlation and the genetic diversity of nine main agronomic traits were analyzed. Taking the main agronomic characters as the indexes, 51 accessions American wheat germplasms were analyzed by the clustering analysis. The main plant type of the tested wheat germplasms is erect, the main panicle type is spinner bait, long awn is the main awn type, the main flag leaf type is downward. The yield is significantly and positively correlated with the number of productive ear (0.472**), and positively correlated with the 1000-grain weight (0.340*). There are great differences among the nine agronomic characters, the CV of each trait is more than 5% except bulk density (1.71%). The variation coefficient of sterile spikelet (55.21%) is the highest, and these germplasms have abundant genetic diversity. 51 accessions American wheat germplasms are classified into 4 groups by Ward method. Group I has the maximum 1000-grain weight (40.31 g), number of productive ear (656.74×104/hm2) and yield (8718.63 kg/hm2), which could be used as excellent cross parents, the other germplasm could be used as intermediate material for improving some traits according to the characteristics of taxa.