不同育秧基质和水分管理对机插稻秧苗素质与产量的影响

为探明适宜机插秧苗的培育方式,本文以杂交中灿稻‘徽两优6号’为材料,研究了营养土旱育、营养土湿润育秧和淤泥水育秧等3种方式对机插水稻秧苗素质及产量的影响,并分析了不同育秧方式对秧龄弹性、机插活棵及分蘖成穗的效应。结果表明:播后21 d,营养土旱育秧苗综合素质最好,营养土湿润育秧次之,淤泥水育秧的最差;与淤泥水育秧相比,营养土旱育秧及湿润育秧的秧苗发根力强,根冠比高,干物质积累能力强。其中旱育秧适栽秧龄为18~30 d,秧龄弹性最大。营养土旱育方式育秧能在稳定结实率和千粒重的情况下显著提高有效穗数和群体颖花量,增加库容量,从而使产量显著增加。旱育秧栽后缓苗期短、活棵快、发根力强、分蘖起步早,能较好破除本田生育前、中、后期的生长不平衡,有利于优良群体构建和高产形成。

Effects of different seedling nursery substrates and water management modes on seedling quality and yield of mechanically transplanted rice

In order to develop a suitable technology for mechanical transplanted rice, a middle-season hybrid rice 'Huiliangyou6' was used to study the effects of nutrient soil dry bed nursery (ND), nutrient soil wet bed nursery (NW) and silt-water nursery (SW) on seedling quality and grain yield. The study also analyzed the effects of different seedling nursery methods on seedling flexibility, re-greening and spike formation stages. The results showed that for three seedling nursery treatments, seedling quality in ND was the best and SW the worst on 21 days after sowing. Compared with SW, seedling in ND and NW treatments had higher root-shoot ratio, stronger root development and higher dry matter accumulation. In ND treatment, seedling age range suitable for mechanical transplanting was 18-30 days. Also among the three seedling nursery methods, seedling flexibility was highest in ND. The nutrient soil dry bed nursery not only stabilized seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, but also significantly increased the number of effective panicles and population total spikelets; significantly increasing yield. Seedlings re-greened very fast under ND method and also exhibited early tiller development and strong root development. This seedling nursery method was better for coordinating rice growth among the different growth stages in the field. It was also beneficial for construction of excellent population and high-yield.